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Period: to
1940
Was a time of vacuum tube technology and computers the size of classrooms, There was little need for standard operating system software because each computer’s use was restricted to a few professionals working on mathematical, scien- tific, or military applications, all of whom were familiar with the idiosyncrasies of their hardware.
The machines were operated by the programmers from the main console—it was a hands-on process, In time, computer hardware and software became more standard -
Period: to
1950
were developed to meet the needs of new markets—government and business researchers. The business environment placed much more importance on the cost effectiveness of the system. Computers were still very expensive, especially when compared to other office equipment.
Therefore, throughput had to be maximized to make such an investment worthwhile for business use, which meant dramatically increasing the usage of the system. -
1960
They were designed with faster CPUs, but their speed still caused problems when they interacted with printers and other I/O devices that ran at slower speeds. The solution was multiprogramming, which introduced the concept of loading many programs at one time and sharing the attention of a single CPU. The first multiprogramming systems allowed each program to be serviced in turn, one after another.Tambien se implemento la multiprogramacion -
1970
A number of query systems were introduced that allowed even the novice user to retrieve specific pieces of the database. These queries were usually made via a terminal, which in turn mandated a growth in terminal support and data communication software. Programmers soon became more removed from the intricacies of the computer, and application programs started using English-like words, modular structures, and stan- dard operations. -
1980
Development in the 1980s dramatically improved the cost/performance ratio of com- puter components. Hardware was more flexible, with logical functions built on easily replaceable circuit boards. And because it was less costly to create these circuit boards, more operating system functions were made part of the hardware itself, giving rise to a new concept—firmware, The job of the programmer functions were being carried out by the system’s software. -
1990
The overwhelming demand for Internet capability in the mid-1990s sparked the pro- liferation of networking capability.Web accessibility and e-mail became standard features of almost every oper- ating system. However, increased networking also sparked increased demand for tighter security to protect hardware and software.
The decade also introduced a proliferation of multimedia applications demanding additional power, flexibility, and device compatibility for most operating systems. -
2000
The new century emphasized the need for operating systems to offer greater flexibility, reliability and speed. To meet the need for computers that could solve multiple operating systems running at the same time and sharing resources, Virtualization is partitioning on a single server, with each partition supporting a different operating system. it is hosted on a single physical server on multiple virtual servers, often with multiple operating systems
