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*The Allies worked to find a way to lower damage of German u-boat attacks
-1940-1941 u-boats sank hundreds of Ally ships
-America began mass-producing ships, making for larger, better-equipped convoys
-Cracking Enigma allowed Allies to know where u-boats were going to be
Enigma-Germany's code system
Wolf pack-U-boats that hunted in groups at night
Convoy-groups of ships that travel together for safety
*Ally victory!
-1,315 Ally ships sunk
-70% of u-boat men killed -
*Germany began to take steps to try and invade Britain
-Germany tried to destroy the RAF
-They tried bombing civilians to destroy their spirit
-Britain used radar to detect approaching airplanes
RAF- British Royal Air Force
Luftwaffe- German air force
radar- used radio waves to detect approaching airplanes
*Great Britain won
-1,000s of civilians killed
-a large number of RAF and Luftwaffe pilots killed -
*Germany tried to conquer Stalingrad
-Soviets refused to let city fall
-250,000 Axis soldiers were trapped by Soviet forces
-This marked the beginning of Germany's collapse in the Soviet Union
-Resulted as a break in the Soviet-Nazi pact
Stalingrad-a major industrial center on the Volga River
*Soviet Union won
-2 million Germans killed
-12 million Soviets killed
-800,000 civilians killed -
*Between British and German-Italian armies
-Major defeat for Germans
-Kept the Suez Canal open to Allies
-Another major turning point in the war
Swallows-Sherman tanks, invaluable to the fighting
Devil's Garden-a blockade of German mines and anti-tank defences
British General Bernard Montgomery
Erwin Rommel
*Great Britain won
-25,000 Germans and Italians killed or wounded
-13,000 Allies killed or wounded -
*America would join the fighting by coming in through Africa
-Morocco and Algeria were invaded in the hopes that the Vichy French would side with the Allies
-French joined
-1943 they defeated Rommel's forces
Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)- German commander in Africa (Afrika Korp)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (IKE)-US lieutenant
*Allies won
-20,000 Americans killed or wounded -
*US and Britain moved to invade Italy
-False documents led Hitler to defend the wrong areas
-Ally attack shook up Italy and Mussolini was arrested
-A pro-Ally government was established
Operation Mincemeat-secret plan to mislead German troops and leave Sicily open
Operation Husky-codename for the invasion
Tuskegee Airmen-first unit of segregated African American pilots
American General George Patton (perfected the blitzkrieg)
Battle of Anzio
*Allies won
-Few losses for either side -
*Allies and Germans in France
-Tooks months of planning and prep
-One of the largest amphibious assaults in history
-Occured on the beaches of Normandy
-German response was slow due to suspicion from past tricks
-Germany was at the point of a full retreat
-Paris was freed by the end of July
D-Day-the day Allied forces marched into France
Eisenhower commanded it
American General Omar Bradley led it
*Ally victory
-more than 4,000 Allied troops were killed and thousands more were wounded or missing -
*Germans launched a surprise attack on Allied lines
-Everyone thought Germany was done for, but it launched a suddenly attacked
-Bastogne was an important crossroads, and Germans wanted
-Small force of Americans held them on low supplies and in below-zero temperatures
Name came from the bulge made in the Allied lines
*Allies rolled back Germans and continued their invasion
-American army suffered over 100,000 casualties -
*Hitler killed himself
-Hitler realized all hope was lost as the Allies slowly moved in
-He poisoned his wife and dog
-He also poisoned himself
-He shot himself to be sure
*Allies won, kinda
-Hitler, his wife, and his dog died -
*United States celebrated victory
-The day the surrender took effect
V-E Day-Victory in Europe Day
*Allies won!
-Nobody died (except the Nazi attack)
