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The period was named after the capital of Japan during that time period.
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Named after the location of the imperial capital at the time
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Named after the city where Minamoto Yoritomo set up the headquarters of his military government.
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Named after the district in Kyoto where the headquarters of the Ashikaga family was located.
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The Azuchi–Momoyama period is named after Nobunaga's Azuchi Castle and Hideyoshi's Momoyama Castle.
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Named after the founder of a military dictatorship in that era.