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Philippe Pinel
As Itard's mentor, Pinel was an early advocate of humane treatment of "insane" people. -
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Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard French Physican
He was an authority on diseases of the ear and on the education of students who are deaf. -
Following American and French Revolutions, effective procedures were devised for teaching children with sensory impairments.
Example: those who were blind or deaf -
First systematic attempts were made to educate "idiotic" and "insane" children.
Those who today are said to have intellectual disabilities and emotional or behavioral disorders. -
Contemporary educational methods for exceptional children can be traced directly to techniques were pioneered.
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American School of the Deaf
Established in Hartford, Connecticut by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. It was the first residential school for the deaf. -
Perkins School for the Blind
Founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Watertown, Massachusetts. Taught blind and deaf students, like Laura Bridgment, who greatly influenced the education of Helen Keller. -
Samuel Gridley Howe created first residential school for students who were blind.
The curriculum focused on both traditional reading, writing, and mathematics and students' individual interests and abilities. -
Experimental school for children with intellectual disabilities organized.
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Special Olympics
Established by Eunice Kennedy Shriver to allow individuals with disabilities to participate in sports competitions. -
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Deinstitutionalization
Systematic efforts were made to move people out of institutions and back into closer contact with the community. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
ADA ensures the right to individuals with disabilities to nondiscriminatory treatment in other aspects of their lives; provides protections of civil rights in the specific areas of employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and telecommunications. -
No Child Left Behind
Under the administration of George W. Bush was a major factor in the focus of public schooling, including special education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
A federal law that ensures all children and youths with disabilities have the right to a free, appropriate public education.