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Hennig Barndt on his search to create gold heated urine to the point where he discovered phosphorous which in due started the discovery of new elements.
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Joseph Black while trying to find a cure for kidney stones accidentally falls upon a newly discovered element: Carbon Dioxide.
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Daniel Rutherford discovers the gas nitrogen.
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Antoine Lavosisier named the element Oxygen
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Antoine Lavoisier also named the element Hydrogen. The first on the periodic table.