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Schools were goverened by the culture of the population, religious beliefs and socioeconomic organization. School's purpose was to strenghten morality, assist the growing ewconomy and preserve social order.
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Required every town with over 50 families to hire a primary school and required every town with over 100 families to hire a Latin teacher to prepare men for entrance into Harward University.
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In Puritan society in 1683 guardians were fined if their children could not read or write by the age of 12.
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Women with grown children would take in a few local children and teach basic reading, writing and arithmetic.
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School houses with one teacher for children ages 6-14 were created. Children would learn the alpahbet, phoenetic spellings and prayers from hornbooks. Older children read primers to advance literacy with moral and religious lessons.
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Until now access to school depended on where you lived and what social class/ethnicity you were. Schools were political outlets where teacher were hired as favors and the job was a political stepping stone to higher office.
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Noah Webster the "Schoolmaster of America" published spelling and grammar books that replaced the British spelling and pronounciation with "American" ones.
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This law required all Midwest Territories to set aside a section of land for educational purposes. Townhips created one room school houses and territories created colleges to educate teachers and skilled professionals.
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Most early teachers were men. They were paid little and only worked a few months a years. They were responsible for cleaning the school, providing heat and pkeeping order in the class. Discipline to student was conducted by a whip.
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In 1827 MA passed a law requiring all communities to provide a high school education for children.
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Created by Horace Mann
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Boston's Quincy School began to group students in separate rooms based on their ability. Women teachers were hired because they could be paid less and wre not out to "gain" in the future. Principals were men.
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Catharine Beecher founded the American Women's Edcational Association.
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The first integrated public school was in Boston in 1856.
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Gave free land to states/territories that built colleges with mechanical and agricultural degrees.
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Demand for teacher was so high that this normal school offered free tuition to all those that we qualified and that committed to twice and many years of teaching in Indiana as they spent at the normal school.
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School created to strip Native Americans of the culture and language and create graduates that would be useful in society.
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Segregation: this case ruled that political equality was not equal to social equality and that separate but equal schoold for blacks and white was allowed.
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In 1847 the first labor union for teachers was created; The Chicago Teachers Federation
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Goal of public schools is to help immigrant children assimilate into american society and then acculturate.
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To conbat growing class sizes, policy makers created tests to efficiently group students into different programs of study. This lead to IQ testing throughout schools. Based onpreformance students were sent to specialized schools: vocational, commerece, general and college.
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Curriculum modeled social community. The intent was to united acedemic and vocational learning.
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Mandated the teaching of Native American History and culture in schools.
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Children are taught when they are ready to learn. This created an extreme decline in math and science education.
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Overturned Plessy ruling and stated that separte schools cannot be equal and legally prohibited de jure (legal) segreation in school but could not outlaw de facto segregation (social).
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Created learning kits for independent work for students.
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Aimed to provide children with their educational birthright. The teaching of baisc subjects: english, history, civics, geography, math, science, arts and foreign language.
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National Defence Education Act: created to strengthen US students knowledge of math and science. They created special funding for teaching math and science teachers.
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These special schools were designed to attract all races of students based on the schools special focus or academic theme, such as the arts.
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Created to provide free and appropriate education for all handicapped children.
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Created to provide free and complete education to the poor to break thecycle of poverty.
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This law created programs such as head start and special education.
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Children were put in charge of their own learning. There were no grades, requirements, or assignments.
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"no person shall be on the basis of sex be excluded from participation, be denied benefits of, be subject to discrimination under nay educational program or activity under federal financial assistance."
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Allowed Native Americans to run thier own schools.
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Publication that outlined the devastating effects of the humanistic approach to learning. Called for mare subjects, tests and standards in public schools.
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Law passed to require all 8th grade studnet to pass technology literacy skills tests. Stresses quality in education and requires annual statewide reading and math assessment.
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Law created in territory to determine that the cost of building a school comes from district property tax.
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Said that an elementary education should be free for anyone aged 4 to 20.