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Colonial Teachings
Schools were goverened by the culture of the population, religious beliefs and socioeconomic organization. School's purpose was to strenghten morality, assist the growing ewconomy and preserve social order. -
Old Deluder Satan Act- Puritan Society
Required every town with over 50 families to hire a primary school and required every town with over 100 families to hire a Latin teacher to prepare men for entrance into Harward University. -
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Education: It's Been a Long Journey
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Educate or Pay
In Puritan society in 1683 guardians were fined if their children could not read or write by the age of 12. -
Dame Schools
Women with grown children would take in a few local children and teach basic reading, writing and arithmetic. -
Early School Houses
School houses with one teacher for children ages 6-14 were created. Children would learn the alpahbet, phoenetic spellings and prayers from hornbooks. Older children read primers to advance literacy with moral and religious lessons. -
First 50 summary
Until now access to school depended on where you lived and what social class/ethnicity you were. Schools were political outlets where teacher were hired as favors and the job was a political stepping stone to higher office. -
Mr. Webster
Noah Webster the "Schoolmaster of America" published spelling and grammar books that replaced the British spelling and pronounciation with "American" ones. -
Northwest Ordinance of 1785
This law required all Midwest Territories to set aside a section of land for educational purposes. Townhips created one room school houses and territories created colleges to educate teachers and skilled professionals. -
Portrait of an Early teacher
Most early teachers were men. They were paid little and only worked a few months a years. They were responsible for cleaning the school, providing heat and pkeeping order in the class. Discipline to student was conducted by a whip. -
Massachusettes: ahead of it's time
In 1827 MA passed a law requiring all communities to provide a high school education for children. -
First Board of Education
Created by Horace Mann -
The Changing Schoolhouse: from one room to many
Boston's Quincy School began to group students in separate rooms based on their ability. Women teachers were hired because they could be paid less and wre not out to "gain" in the future. Principals were men. -
Women Educators: we have rights too!
Catharine Beecher founded the American Women's Edcational Association. -
Integration Begins
The first integrated public school was in Boston in 1856. -
Morrill Act 1862
Gave free land to states/territories that built colleges with mechanical and agricultural degrees. -
Indiana State Normal School
Demand for teacher was so high that this normal school offered free tuition to all those that we qualified and that committed to twice and many years of teaching in Indiana as they spent at the normal school. -
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
School created to strip Native Americans of the culture and language and create graduates that would be useful in society. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Segregation: this case ruled that political equality was not equal to social equality and that separate but equal schoold for blacks and white was allowed. -
The Union
In 1847 the first labor union for teachers was created; The Chicago Teachers Federation -
Education and Immigrants
Goal of public schools is to help immigrant children assimilate into american society and then acculturate. -
Expanding Class Size = IQ testing
To conbat growing class sizes, policy makers created tests to efficiently group students into different programs of study. This lead to IQ testing throughout schools. Based onpreformance students were sent to specialized schools: vocational, commerece, general and college. -
Dewey School
Curriculum modeled social community. The intent was to united acedemic and vocational learning. -
Reorganization Act 1934
Mandated the teaching of Native American History and culture in schools. -
Progressive Era
Children are taught when they are ready to learn. This created an extreme decline in math and science education. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Overturned Plessy ruling and stated that separte schools cannot be equal and legally prohibited de jure (legal) segreation in school but could not outlaw de facto segregation (social). -
Programmed Instruction
Created learning kits for independent work for students. -
Council for Basic Education
Aimed to provide children with their educational birthright. The teaching of baisc subjects: english, history, civics, geography, math, science, arts and foreign language. -
NDEA
National Defence Education Act: created to strengthen US students knowledge of math and science. They created special funding for teaching math and science teachers. -
Magnet School
These special schools were designed to attract all races of students based on the schools special focus or academic theme, such as the arts. -
PL 94-142
Created to provide free and appropriate education for all handicapped children. -
Economic Opportunity Act
Created to provide free and complete education to the poor to break thecycle of poverty. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This law created programs such as head start and special education. -
Free Schools
Children were put in charge of their own learning. There were no grades, requirements, or assignments. -
Title IX of Elementary and Secondary Education Act
"no person shall be on the basis of sex be excluded from participation, be denied benefits of, be subject to discrimination under nay educational program or activity under federal financial assistance." -
Indian Self Determination and Education Act
Allowed Native Americans to run thier own schools. -
A Nation at Risk
Publication that outlined the devastating effects of the humanistic approach to learning. Called for mare subjects, tests and standards in public schools. -
No Child Left Behind
Law passed to require all 8th grade studnet to pass technology literacy skills tests. Stresses quality in education and requires annual statewide reading and math assessment. -
Michigan Territory Law
Law created in territory to determine that the cost of building a school comes from district property tax. -
School Law in Wisconsin
Said that an elementary education should be free for anyone aged 4 to 20.