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Nicholas Copernicus came up with his own calestial model, a Heliocentric Plantary System.
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Tycho Brahe built an observatory and instruments to study the sky.
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Galileo Galile discovered the phases of Venus and the four largest satellites of Jupiter.
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Orbit of Mars, was an ellipse. Now called Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion.
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Giovanni Cassini discovered the satalites of Saturn and discovered the rings that surround Saturn.
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Sir Isaac Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and develped a theory of a color of visible spectrum
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Edmond Halley computed the orbit of the eponmous Halley's commet.
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Chrles Messier published an astromical cataloge consisting of rebulse and star clusters (messier objects)
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William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus along with it's two major moons.
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Annie Jump Cannon organized and published the stellar classification. -Created- Harvord classification scheme.
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Developed the theory of relativity.
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Edwin Hubble showed the recessional velocity of a galaxy increases with it's distance from the earth.
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Frank Drake searched for extra terrestrial intelligence, including the founding of SETI.
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Carl Sagan researched extraterrestrial life and demonstrated the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation.
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Stephen Hawking was the first to explain general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.
