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Translated the Bible from Latin, allowing people to be edcated in their own language. Avocated establishing schools to teach children how to read. Today, literacy continues to be a national priority.
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Theory that children are born as blank tablets, meaning environment and experiences literally form the mind. Believed children's experiences determine who they are, experiences are the basis of learning. Learning should begin early. Children learn what they are taught - teachers literally make children.
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Pestalozzi was influenced by both Comenius and Rousseau. Avocated that education should follow the course of nature. Believed all education is based on sensory impressions. Promoted the idea that the mother could best teach children. Also believed in the idea that when children can represent their experiences through drawing, writing, etc.
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Known as the "Father of the Kindergarten". Concept of children and learning is based in part of the idea of "unfolding". Compares children to growing plants and teachers as the gardener. Froebel developed "gifts" and "occupations" to help young children learn. Believed children can and should learn through play.
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Dewey's theory of schooling, usually called progressivism, emphasizes children and their interests rather than subject matter. Children's interests form the basis of the curriculum. Child-centered education. Educate children for today - not tomorrorw.
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Theory of cognitive development based on ages and stages. Children are "little scientists" and literally develop their own intelligence. Mental and physical activities are important for cognitive development. Project approach to learning. Constructivist approaches to early childhood education. Matching education to children's stages of cognitive development.
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A contemporary of Piaget. Vygotsky's theory of development is particularly useful in describing children's mental, language, and social development - is supported and enhanced by others through social interaction. Futher believed that children seek adults for social interaction begininng at birth; development occurs through these interactions.
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Theory of psychosocial development - cognitive development occurs in conjunction with social development. Life is a series of 8 stages with each stage representing a critical period in social development. How parents and teachers interact with children helps determine their emotional and cognitive development. Play supports children's social and cognitive development. All children need predicable, consistent love, care, and education.
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Developed a theory of motivation called self-actualization based on the satification of human needs. Highest human need. Maintains that people don't achieve self-actualization until the needs for life essentials, safety, and security belongingness, and love, achievement and presige, and aesthetics are met. Helping children meet their basic needs is an importnant role for you, parents, and others.
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Ecological systems theory views the child as developing within a system of relationships. Five interrelating systems - microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems, macrosystems, and chronosystem - have a powerful impact on development. Each system influences and is influenced by the other. Development is influenced by children and their environment. Teachers are more aware of how different environments shape children's lives in different ways.
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Influenced by the Soviet launch of the satellite Sputnik on October 4, 1957. The act, therefore, was designed to fulfill two purposes. It was designed to provide the country with specific defense oriented personnel - includes providing federal help to foreign language scholars, area studies centers, and engineering students. It provided financial assistance, for students who would enroll in college in the 1960s.
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Part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's war on poverty. Implemented several social programs to promote the health, education, and general welfare of people with low socioeconomic status. Provided for the beginning of Head Start in 1965. Latter updated as the Head Start Act in 1981. One of the longest running programs to address systemic poverity in the United States.
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Continues the standard movement established by the National Defense Education Act. Currently all 50 states have standards that specify what children should know and do. Provides federal funding for schools - accure high test scores and meet adequate yearly progress standards. Emphasizes accountability through testing.
