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began by selecting wild barley plants with desirable traits such as larger seeds, non-shattering seed heads, and adaptability to different growing conditions. These traits made the wild barley plants more suitable for cultivation.
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Evidence of barley cultivation and domestication becomes more pronounced in archaeological sites in the Fertile Crescent, indicating the increasing importance of this crop in human diets.
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Barley spreads to other parts of the world, including Europe and Asia, due to trade and migration, further diversifying its genetic characteristics.
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Barley cultivation becomes well-established in ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, where it serves as a staple food and is used in the production of beer and other beverages.
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Barley continues to be cultivated worldwide, with the development of improved varieties and farming practices, making it a versatile crop used for various purposes, including animal feed, food products, and malt for the brewing industry.