-
Jan 1, 1000
Diabetes first described
Diabetes first described and named by Aratacus of Cappadocia in Asia Minor in first century -
Jan 1, 1200
Ancient Indians and Diabetes
Ancient Indians noted ants congregating at urine of diabetes. -
Thomas Willis
Willis, Oxford physician, noted the smell of urine from diabetics. -
John Rollo treated diabetic patient
John Rollo, Surgeon-General to the Royal Artillery treated a patient by dietary restriction in 1706. -
Claude Bernard
Bernard discovered liver stored glycogen and secreted sugary substance into blood. Found that pricking brain stem of conscious animal caused temporary diabetes. -
Von Mering
German physician, disproved Bernard's theory and found removing pancreas caused diabetes. -
Discovery of Insulin
Frederick Banting discovered insulin in Canada. -
Banting, Macloud, Best, Collip
Banting persuaded J.J.R. Macloud, a professor of physiology in Toronto, to let experiment with diabetes and pancreas. Macloud assigned a young medical student, Charles Best, to work with him and later when the going got rough, he put a visiting professor of biochemistry, J.B. Collip, on the problem with positive results. -
14 year old boy receives insulin
On January 11, 1922, a 14-year-old boy became the first human patient to receive insulin made by Banting and Best. -
14 year old buy insulin Part 2
Purified injections developed by Collip were given starting January 23, 1922. The patient’s blood glucose levels dropped. -
Lilly Connaught
Lilly Connaught was successful in manufacturing insulin, the Toronto team continued to struggle and by mid-July 1922 there was a severe shortage in Toronto. -
Insulin produced and commercially shipped
Lilly shipped the product and by the end of 1923, insulin was being produced commercially and used to treat diabetes in most western countries. -
August Krogh
Started foundation for the Danish insulin manufacturing industry and Nordisk Insulin Company. This was a non-profit-making company which together with the Novo Company was responsible for making Denmark the main insulin producing company outside of the US. First insulin was a quick and short regular insulin. It had to be injected twice daily. These insulins were crude and impure and early patients had to have injections of 5 to18 ml. -
Insulin was crystallized
Insulin was crystallized in 1926 by J.J. Abel -
Protamine Zinc Insulin
1936, protamine zinc insulin was introduced. -
3D structure of Insulin Discovered
The three dimensional structure of the insulin molecule was discovered 1940 in Oxford by Dorothy Hodgin. -
Lente Insulin
In 1954, the lente insulins were introduced. -
Investigation of diabetes improvement
The scientific investigation of diabetes was improved by the technique of immunoassay by Solomon Berson and Rosalind Yalow in 1957.