-
Smell of urine discovered
Sweet smell of urine in diabetics is discovered -
John Rollow
John Rollow first treats diabetes through dietary restriction -
Claude Bernard "finds cause"
Claude Bernard discovered that the liver stores glycagon. Using this information, he presumed that the nervous system was to blame because the nervous system controlled the secretary organs. -
Von Mering disproves Bernard
Von Mering disproves Bernard when he discovers that removing the pancreas caused diabetes. From this, he tried extracting an antidiabetic substance from the pancreas, to no avail. -
Diagnosis
Tested urine for sweetness (using taste) -
Treatment
The following treatments were used to treat diabetes in 1900:
-daily alkaline sponge bath
-sugar of lead, to restrict urine flow
-diet of fresh meat only
-advised not to drink water
As a result, the prognosis of all patients is death. -
Insulin is discovered
Fredrick Banting discovers insulin and attempts to use dogs to extract it. -
First human insulin injection
A 14 year old boy is the first human to receive human to receive insulin. His insulin was made by Banting and Best. However, this did not work and the boy died. -
Insulin is purified
Insulin is purified to help give the hormone in an improved manner, with the insulin isolated. This helps diabetic patient's blood sugars drop and was developed by Collip. -
Commercial Insulin
Eli Lily starts to produce insulin commercially in order to treat diabetes in western countries. -
Insulin crystalized
-
Diagnosis
-fluffy clouds around retinal arteries
-weak pulse in carotid and foot arteries
-high levels of glucose in urine
-lethargy -
Treatment
A special diet is given and blood sugar is stabilized using insulin. Drinking alcohol is prohibited. Urine tests and insulin injections help in treating high blood sugar. -
Prognosis
Patient lives and checks in with doctor regularly. -
First insulin pump
-
Diagnosis
Urinalysis is used to test for ketones in the urine, which indicates excessive amounts of sugar in the blood. Blood testing is used to test for high glucose, or sugar, in the blood. -
Treatment
Patient is entered into the intensive care unit of the hospital and insulin and fluids are distributed through an IV. The patient's glucose, potassium and electrolyte levels are monitored. Daily injections of insulin, careful monitoring and a restrictive diet allow the diabetes to be treated. -
Prognosis
The patient lives and will have to get their eyes checked out by an ophthalmologist. Additionally, the patient will have to see their doctor more regular. Their doctor will monitor their management using levels of glycohemoglobin, which will give the doctor an estimate of the patient's blood sugar levels throughout the past months. -
Modern insulin pump
