Development of Modern Science

Roger Bacon's

Period: 1214 to 1292

Roger Bacon's work helped lay the groundwork for modern science.

Paracelsus

Period: 1493 to 1541

Paracelsus argued that diseases have natural causes.

Vesalius

1543

Vesalius published Fabrica.

Nicolaus Copernicus

1543

Nicolaus Copernicus wrote that the earth is a planet, not the center of the universe.

Galileo Galilei

1584

Galileo Galilei stated the law of the pendulum; also studied gravity and prepared the way for Newton's laws of motion.

Creation of Microscope

1590

Microscope.

Creation of the Thermometer

1593

Thermometer.

William Gilbert

1600

William Gilbert published his book about magnetism, the first great English science book.

1600s

1600

Created the Electroscope

1600s

1608

Created the Telescope

Johannes Kepler

1609

Johannes Kepler formulated the laws of planetary motion

Francis Bacon

1620

Francis Bacon formulated the scientific method.

1600s

1622

Slide rule

William Harvey

1628

William Harvey described blood circulation.

Evangelista Torricelli

1643

Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer.

Robert Boyle

Period: 1661 to 1662

Robert Boyle laid the foundation for modern chemistry; stated his law of gases.

Isaac Newton

1665

Isaac Newton invented a form of calculus.

Robert Hooke

1665

Robert Hooke was the first to see a cell.

Isaac Newton

1668

Isaac Newton constructed a reflecting telescope.

Isaac Newton

1676

Bacteria discovered.

Edmond Halley

1682

Edmond Halley used the telescope to chart stars.

Isaac Newton

1687

Isaac Newton published his laws of motion and universal gravitation.

Gabriel Fahrenheit

1714

Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer.

Gabriel Fahrenheit

1735

Chronometer

Carolus Linnaeus

1737

Carolus Linnaeus established the modern classification system.

Anders Celsius

1742

Anders Celsius invented the centigrade temperature scale.

Henry Cavendish

1742

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen.

Pierre Simon

1773

Pierre Simon de Laplace's work in celestial mechanics helped reveal the stability of the solar system.

Joseph Priestley

1774

Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen.

Joseph Priestley

1777

Torsion balance

Antoine Lavoisier

1777

Antoine Lavoisier founded modern chemistry.

Henry Cavendish

1783

Henry Cavendish showed that water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

Charles de Coulomb

1785

Charles de Coulomb stated the law of electrical attraction and repulsion.

Edward Jenner

1796

Edward Jenner discovered vaccination for the prevention of disease.

John Dalton

1803

John Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter.

John Dalton

1810

Gyroscope

John Dalton

1816

Stethoscope

Hans C. Oersted

1819

Hans C. Oersted discovered electromagnetism.

Thomas Seebeck

1826

Thomas Seebeck discovered thermoelectricity.

Friedrich Wohler

1828

Friedrich Wohler was first to synthesize an organic compound.

Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry

1831

Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry discovered electromagnetic induction.

Jakob Berzelius

1835

Jakob Berzelius proposed the present chemical symbols.

Friedrich Bessel

1838

Friedrich Bessel made the first authenticated measurement of distance to a star.

Christian Doppler

1842

Christian Doppler stated the Doppler effect.

Hermann Helmoltz

1847

Hermann Helmoltz helped establish the first law of thermodynamics.

Hermann Helmoltz

1850

Bunsen burner

Rudolph Clausius

1850

Rudolph Clausius stated the second law of thermodynamics.

Rudolph Clausius

1851

Opthalmoscope

Rudolph Clausius

1853

Hypodermic syringe

Louis Pasteur

1864

Louis Pasteur first pasteurized milk to kill germs.

Gregor Mendel

1866

Gregor Mendel stated his laws of heredity.

Dmitri Mendeleev

1869

Dmitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table of the elements.

James C. Maxwell

1873

James C. Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves.

Heinrich Hertz

1886

Heinrich Hertz showed the existence of electromagnetic waves.

Wilhelm Roentgen

1895

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays.

Max Planck

1900

Max Planck stated the quantum theory of light.

Henri Becquerel

1902

Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity.

Albert Einstein

1905

Albert Einstein stated the special theory of relativity.

J. J. Thomson

1906

J. J. Thomson discovered electrons.

Ernest Rutherford

1908

Ernest Rutherford founded nuclear science.

Niels Bohr

1913

Niels Bohr applied the quantum theory to atomic.

Niels Bohr

1913

Geiger counter

Albert Einstein

1916

Albert Einstein stated the general theory of relativity

Albert Einstein

1931

Electron microscope.

Albert Einstein

1932

Particle accelerator.

Enrico Fermi

1942

Enrico Fermi produced the first successful nuclear chain reaction.

1900s

1944

Digital computer

1900s

1957

The age space began.

1900s

1960

Laser

1900s

1961

Man first flew in space

1900s

1969

Man first landed on the moon.

1900s

1973

First reusable spacecraft launched.

1900s

1981

First reusable spacecraft launched.

1900s

1990

First use of gene therapy to treat disease.

1900s

1990

Hubble Space Telescope launched.

1900s

1991

Carbon nanotubes discovered.

1900s

1993

3D printing.

1900s

1995

Bacterial genomes first sequenced.

1900s

1998

Quantum computer.

1900s

1999

Beginning of medical of medical stem cell research.

2000s

2000

Human genome sequencing completed.

2000s

2015

Gravitational waves detected.