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YMCA
The Young Men's Christian Association, often known as the YMCA or the Y, is a worldwide organization. founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit". These are the three angles that are reflected by the different sides on ymca logo. growth of the railroads & centralization of commerce and industry brought many rural young men who needed jobs into cities, they worked 10-12 hours a day -
sewing machines
The impact of the sewing machine on America was major. the machine greatly touched the textile industry and women women were the ones working in the textile mills they were the ones to use the machine, but some believed that this would infringe on their craft as skilled seamstresses. some thought this to be a wonder and felt it freed them to pursue other things rather than sit home and sew clothes. the women working with the machines gained a new skill, and were seen as important for textile -
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Transforming the west
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transcontinental railroad
Presidents of the unions pacific and central pacific came together to build a railroad that would meet in promontory, Utah. the union pacific built west while the central pacific built east. the railroad had dramatic economic, cultural, and political significance to the development of the United States. its ability to connect both coasts with quick transportation was significant.it also had problems like issues with population, also farmers went bankrupt due to isolation and drought. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power "Development"
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the red river war
The Red River War was a military push initiated by the US Army to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory. this didnt last very long, the war had several army columns cross the Texas Panhandle trying to find, harass, and capture highly mobile Indian bands. Most of the engagements were small skirmishes where no side had many deaths -
battle of little big horn
an armed engagement between forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the United States Army. The battle resulted in the defeat of US forces, most significant action of the Great Sioux War.along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory. The fight was a big victory for the Lakota, and Arapaho, who were led by several major war leaders, including Crazy Horse and Chief Gall, had been inspired by the visions of Sitting Bull -
telephone
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell& has generated a strong group sense, for listening to the spoken words forms hearers into a group. Alexander Graham's wish was to reduce the expense of materials so that the poorest man cannot afford to be without this telephone. it would increase wealth, employment and improved means of communication.The invention of the telephone lead to development of city centers, office buildings and the concept of an urban worker society. -
Farmer alliance
the farmers alliance took reins from the granger movement that had 5 mil ppl. the farmers were over charged on shipping crops. One of the goals of the organization was to end the adverse effects of the crop-lien system on farmers in the period following the American Civil War. The Alliance supported the government regulation of the transportation industry and the adoption of an inflationary relaxation of the nation's money supply as a means of easing the burden of repayment of loans by debtors. -
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The gilded Ages "Corruption"
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African american (Exodusters)
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement of 1879.It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War. The movement received substantial organizational support from prominent figures, Benjamin Singleton of Tennessee and Henry Adams of Louisiana. As many as forty thousand Exodusters left the South to settle in Kansas, Oklahoma and Colorado. -
bessemer procss
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
the light bulb
thomas edison a curious man trying to invent some sort of light that would be suitable for everyday americans. to replace candles and be electric. trying many different materials and things in the lab he struggled to find the right material that would suit his needs. when the light bulb was finally created it widespread across the country lighting millions of homes and businesses.. the electric light bulb betteres cities with working lights , factories, store lights. -
Booming cities
Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Owing most of their population growth to the expansion of industry, U.S. cities grew by about 15 million people. Many who helped account for the population growth of cities were immigrants coming from around the world. many people from rural America also migrated to the cities during this period. Between 1880 and 1890, almost 40 percent of the townships in the United States lost population because of migration. -
political machines (mobalization of immigrants)
immigrants represented a huge supply of supporters and votes during this time. the immigrants tended to be loyal to these political machines simply because they provided them with funds for temporary job services and housing. political machines also helped immigrants with becoming naturalized citizens. -
immigrants
in the northern areas swedish, norwegh, german were located. the irish immigrants were the wage workers along with the chinese. the chinese exclusion act also came about in 1882 which would ban further imigration pertaining to chinese people in the u.s. -
chinese exclusion act
first significant law that restricted immigrants into the United States. it was passed by Congress.This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. The Act required non laborers who sought entry to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to immigrate. But this group found it difficult to prove that they were not laborers because the defined excludables as “skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining.. -
Buffalo bills wild west show
Wild West shows were traveling vaudeville performances in the United States and Europe that existed around 1870–1920. The shows began as theatrical stage productions and evolved into open-air shows that depicted the cowboys, Native American Indians, army scouts, outlaws, and wild animals that existed in the American West. The shows introduced many western performers and personalities, and romanticized the American frontier to a wide audience. -
pendleton act
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.[1] The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams,[1] rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. this got rid of the spoils system and established the civil exam -
great upheaval of 1886
It started with a 10% pay cut. When leaders of the BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY ordered this second reduction in less than eight months, railroad workers in MARTINSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA decided they had had enough. On July 16, 1877, workers in that town drove all the engines into the roundhouse and boldly declared that no train would leave until the owners restored their pay. The local townspeople gathered at the railyard to show their support for the STRIKERS. A great showdown was on. -
Dawes Severalty Act
United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship. The objectives of the Dawes Act were to abolish tribal and communal rights of Native Americans in order to stimulate and transfer lands under indian control to white settlers. they wanted to get native americans out of their property. -
tenements
tenements were where poor or less fortunate people lived during the 1800s. they were urban dwellings filled with more than three independent impovershed families. they had no air conditioning and were very unsanitary. -
Ghost Dances
The Ghost Dance also called the Ghost Dance of 1890 was a new religious movement incorporated into numerous American Indian belief systems. According to the teachings of the Northern Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka proper practice of the dance would reunite the living with spirits of the dead, bring the spirits of the dead to fight on their behalf, make the white colonists leave, and bring peace, prosperity, and unity to Native American peoples throughout the region -
cowboys
The cowboy’s life was full of hard work, low pay, and little sleep especially at roundup time or on a trail drive. He would rise before the sun, have a quick breakfast, then saddle up for another long hour day. They were a hard bunch of men, with many differing opinions and often didn’t get along with each other. Fights among cowboys were a regular occurrence and the trail boss needed to be tough to be able to deal with any uprisings without loss of human life or livestock. -
laissez fair
Laissez fair wich is also french for leave alone imlpementing that the government will leave the people alone regarding all economic activities. this is the seperation of the economy and state. the government will stay out of the way of the private spere and the market will take care of itsself with no regulations or any rules. -
sherman anti trust act
a landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law (or "competition law") passed by Congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It allowed certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be competitive, and recommended the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts. -
exploitation (strictness/workplace rules)
Exploitation in the late 1800s consisted of many things. Strict rules were put in place on the employees as they were expected to work in silence ( not to speak on what was going on within the work environments). Foreman/ managers were introduced in this time whom were the ones to enforce the work place rules. when the workers showed non-compliance it resulted in termination of the job. the blacklist was also created. this is where the employers would circulate a list consisted of "bad workers" -
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Imperialism
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The Progressive Era "Social Activism"
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john rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller was the founder of the Standard Oil Company. he became one of the world's wealthiest men and a big philanthropist. Born into humble situations in upstate New York, he entered the then-fledgling oil business in 1863 by investing in a Cleveland, Ohio, refinery. He built his first oil refinery near Cleveland and in 1870 incorporated the Standard Oil Company. By 1882 he had a near-monopoly of the oil business in the U.S., but his business practices -
currency reform
the currency reform dealt with the issues implementing a standardized national currency. this consisted of "hard money" which consisted of business and republicans keeping the status of gold. and "soft money" which consisted of labor and democrats they favored the paper money. the hard money couldnt support the expanding economy wich was silver. silver lead to increased wages and workers wanted silver an greenpacks. -
worlds columbian exposition 1893
world's fair held in Chicago to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The fairs center, large water pool, represented the long voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago bested New York City; Washington, D.C.; and St. Louis for the honor of hosting the fair. The Exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on architecture, sanitation, the arts, Chicago's self-image, and American industrial optimism. -
pullman strike
the pullman strike was a nationwide railroad strike. george pullman who built luxury railroad cars.The strike and boycott shut down much of the nation's freight west of Detroit. The conflict began in Chicago, on May 11 when nearly 4,000 factory employees of the Pullman Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages. this was caused because the depression of 1893 laid off ppl and cut their salaries. striker eventually gain public support after pres clevland interviens. -
election of 1896
he Outcome and Significance of the Presidential Election of 1896. Bryan carried most states of the predominately rural South and the mountain West.running in this election in which Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat-Populist William Jennings Bryan.The central issue was the country’s money supply. economic depression begun in 93, and public opinion was split between those who favored the gold standard and those who favored free silver , to help get rid of depression. -
plessy vs. ferguson
this case was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as separate but equal.This made the state laws re-establishing racial segregation that were passed in the American South in the late 19th century. the Supreme Court ruled that Plessy's "separate but equal" doctrine was unconstitutional -
U.S.S Main incident
the uss main incident is what brung about the Spanish-American War. A mysterious explosion sank the U.S. battleship Maine in the harbour of Havana. The destruction of the Maine was one of a series of incidents that precipitated the United States’ intervention in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain, which had begun in 1895. the united states strongly that the spanish blew up their ship. -
treaty of paris 1898
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish–American War. The Treaty of Paris marked the end of the Spanish Empire and It marked the beginning of the age of the United States as a world power. -
battle of san juan hill
known as the Battle of San Juan Heights, the most significant U.S. land victory, and one of the final battles, of the Spanish-American War. After the Battle of Las Guasimas in Cuba, Major General William Shafter planned to take Santiago de Cuba, the island’s second largest city. Reports of Spanish reinforcements on route to the city caused him to accelerate his plans. He ordered head-on assaults against three hilltop fortified positions that made up the city’s outer defenses. -
open door policy
The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century, as enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers. The policy was made to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, keeping any one power from total control of the country, and calling upon all powers, within their spheres of influence. -
Great Migration
The Great Migration was the migration of African american people to the North from the south and west. African americans were on a mission to flee the dirty souths jim crow laws. between 1890 and 1910 300 thousand people migrated and 1 million through 1970. In this time immigrants wanted better economic lifestyle, to escape, persecution, & starrvation. the African-American population had become highly urbanized due to this movement. one of the most rapid mass internal movements in history -
booker t washington
booker t washington was a prominant balck intellectual around 1900. he belived and wanted black economic improvement not social justice like w.e.b. dubois whom wanted immediate civil rights and economic betterment. wasington founded the tuskegee institute. he alsowanted economic equality within white people and would push for equal rights later on. -
womens suffrage 19 amendment
The 19th Amendment (1920) to the Constitution of the United States provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." Although this equality was implied in the 14th Amendment (1868), most of the states continued to restrict or prohibit women's suffrage. -
election of 1900
The United States presidential election of 1900 was the 29th presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1900. In a re-match of the 1896 race, Republican President William McKinley defeated his Democratic challenger, William Jennings Bryan. McKinley's victory made him the first president to win consecutive re-election since Ulysses S. Grant had accomplished the same feat in 1872. the vice president was roosevelt,m whom eventually became president after mickleys death from a anachist -
phillipine american war
conflicted armed altercation between the philippines and the united states was known as the philippine american war. tis was the continuation of the philippine struggle for independence and decented into a savage guerrilla war. the united states ultimately defeated the philippine rebels. emilio aguinaldo declared independence. referred to as insurrection because it gave philippines to much credit -
teddy roosevelt
teddy roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909) and also served as Governor of New York and Vice President. He is known for becoming a leading spokesman for his version of progressive after 1890. he was also the youngest president coming in at the age of 42. teddy was known for his enthusiasm and energy was a athlete and a very likable person. he believed the country was at a crossroad. -
big stick policy
the big stick policy was constructed by Theodore Roosevelt. the saying was "speak softly and carry a big stick" and you will go far. this is what he forces this with his navy army. it was made to enforce the corollary in the navy, the Europeans reacted well to the big stick policy. it was known to encourage being peaceful in making resolutions but if a nation came for you you shall use force if necessary. the dollar diplomacy was also made to explain how the united states take control over LA. -
Japanese picture brides
The term picture bride refers to the practice in the early 20th century of immigrant workers (chiefly Japanese, Okinawan, and Korean) in Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States and Canada selecting brides from their native countries via a matchmaker, who paired bride and groom using only photographs and family recommendations of the possible candidates. -
blacklists
Blacklisting is the action of a group or authority, compiling a blacklist of people, countries or other entities to be avoided or distrusted as not being acceptable to those making the list. people to be discriminated against, refused employment. blacklist can mean to put an individual or entity on such a list. During World War I, the British government adopted a "blacklist" based on an Order prohibiting British subjects from trade with specified firms and individuals -
meat inspection act (1906)
The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 is an American law that makes it a crime to adulterate or misbrand meat and meat products being sold as food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.These requirements also apply to imported meat products, which must be inspected under equivalent foreign standards. this act was implemented due to people getting sick from meat products and severe unsanitary conditions -
standarized oil trust
Standard Oil Co. Inc. was an American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refinery in the world of its time. Its controversial history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that Standard Oil was an illegal monopoly. this concerned the oil market with secret deals involved. -
angle island
Angel Island Immigration Station was an immigration station located in San Francisco Bay which operated from January 21, 1910 to November 5, 1940, where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. Angel Island (California) is an island in San Francisco Bay. -
mexican revolution
ending the 30 year dictatorship in mexico and established a constitutional republic. it is recognized as the first major political, social, and cultural revolution of the 20th century. The Mexican Revolution gave birth to a variety of new artistic currents in literature, the visual arts, and music. The literature of the Mexican Revolution is a rich field and includes works recognized as masterpieces of Latin American literature. A number of groups, led by revolutionaries like Francisco Madero, -
PTSD "shellshock"
Though post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) did not become an official diagnosis until 1980 in the United States, the condition has long been acknowledged in some form for thousands of years. However, despite the length of time it has taken to formally recognize the condition, the disorder has been evidenced throughout history. soldiers to those witnessing violence, undergoing physical trauma or enduring child abuse, PTSD has been recognized as a human response to trauma -
election of 1912
in the election of 1912 teddy Roosevelt will run for president again. the republican will nominate taft. the progressive bull moose party will come about and progressive republicans will follow Roosevelt. the bull moose party had a statement " new nationalism" . Roosevelt rallied his progressive supporters and launched a third party bid. Backed by William Jennings Bryan and other progressives, Wilson won the Democratic Party's presidential nomination. 3 individuals, Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft -
assembly line (model t )
The moving assembly line was developed for the Ford Model T and began operation on October 7, 1913, at the Highland Park Ford Plant, and continued to evolve after that, using time and motion study. the assembly line is still used today in many different ways and many other different companies. Ford’s Model T was simple, sturdy and inexpensive. In order to lower the price of his cars, Ford figured, he would just have to find a way to build them more efficient -
17th amendment
The 17th Amendment to the Constitution is one that decides the system how United States Senators are to be appointed. It also provided for a term length for Senators, as well as procedures to be considered in the event that a State has a vacancy in the Senate. Connecticut was the last state needed to complete the ratification process for Constitutional Amendments on April 8th, since then all United States Senators would be appointed through a direct election by popular vote. -
Latin america panama canal
The Panama Canal is an artificial 77 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. Canal locks are at each end to lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, 26 m (85 ft) above sea level, and then lower the ships at the other end. -
archduke Franz Ferdinand( assassination)
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allied powers in ww1
France, Russia, and Great Britian were the allied powers in the allied powers in the first world war -
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WW1 "The First world war
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national park system
the national park system established in 1916 was a big business conservation advocate. this was a public demand for creation of NPS. the NPS runs all national parks it is a monument and historoical site. animal sanctuaries came about with perserving nature. president roosevelt was a conservationists -
zimmerman telegram
Zimmermann Telegram, a message from the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, to the German ambassador to Mexico proposing a Mexican-German alliance in the case of war between the United States and Germany, is published on the front pages of newspapers across America. -
espionage act
The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It has been amended numerous times over the years. It was originally found in Title 50 of the U.S. Code (War) but is now found under Title 18, Crime. -
u-boats
literally "undersea boat".While the German term refers to any submarine, the English one refers specifically to military submarines operated by Germany Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role and enforcing a naval blockade against enemy shipping. The primary targets of the U-boat campaigns in both wars were the merchant convoys bringing supplies from Canada and other parts of the British Empire -
fall of the ottoman empire
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treaty of versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. -
volstead act
was enacted to carry out the intent of the 18th Amendment, which established prohibition in the United States. The Anti-Saloon League's Wayne Wheeler conceived and drafted the bill, which was named for Andrew Volstead, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, who managed the legislation. -
explosion in car ownership
"the cars become king". Henry fords company produced 1,700 cars during its first full year of business. Henry Ford produced the Model T to be an economical car for the average American. By 1920 Ford sold over a million cars. The American automobile plants were assembly line operations. In the early 1900's, the United States had about 2,000 firms producing one or more cars. more people were able to but them as more were made -
19th amendment
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, ratified and ending almost a century of protest. In 1848 the movement for women’s rights launched on a national level with the Seneca Falls Convention. the demand for the vote became a centerpiece of the women’s rights movement. Stanton and Mott, along with Susan B. Anthony and other activists, raised public awareness and lobbied the government to grant voting rights to women -
women in the workforce
The changing role of women was a result of the work they did during the war. The number of working women increased by 25 per cent. In 1920, all women were given the right to vote. they played the roles of secretaries, phone operators, and even teachers. advertisements in this time were to now target females. Still there were some women who found successful careers as lawyers, journalists or doctors however it was difficult and rare for a woman to find these fields as successful as men. -
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The 1920's Era "The Roaring Twenties"
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the immigration act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. anarchists and communists were deported, they set off bombs. two main well known asumed to be anarchists were sacco and vanzetti. this revealed how paranoid americans were -
working life (workers safety)
the working life in the late 19th century was improving but had its pros and cons. the us government installed better work safety, the benefits were employees received sick leave, stock ownership, medical insurance, and even paid vacation. -
margret sanger
sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term "birth control", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger used her writings and speeches primarily to promote her way of thinking. She was prosecuted for her book Family Limitation under the Comstock Act in 1914. -
mein kemf
meaning my struggle in german is a autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process where Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political future plans for Germany. Hitler did Kampf while imprisoned for what he considered to be political crimes"following his failed Putsch in Munich in November 1923. he hoped the book will run into many editions, letting him to fulfill his financial obligations and to defray the expenses incurred at the time of his trial -
harlem renassance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States .this specific movement was pushed by the African-American Great Migration,The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts. -
huey long the king fish
Huey Pierce Long Jr. self-nicknamed The Kingfish, was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 and as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935. As the political leader of Louisiana, he commanded wide networks of supporters and was willing to take forceful action. He established the long-term political prominence of the Long family. -
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The Great Depression "Economic Depression"
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over production during the great depression
one of the main causes of this great depression would have to be overproduction of goods. goods like cars, clothes and even crops. factories and farmers were producing more goods than the population could but more like even afford. eventually prices would fall causing factories to close and laid workers off. -
darwinism
The term social Darwinism is used to refer to various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society. The term itself emerged in the 1880s, and it gained widespread currency when used after 1944 by opponents of these ways of thinking. The majority of those who have been categorized as social Darwinists did not identify themselves by such a label. -
sterilization programs
Used as a means of controlling “undesirable” populations. immigrants, people of color, poor people, unmarried mothers, the disabled, the mentally ill. the federally-funded sterilization programs took place in 32 states throughout the 20th century. Driven by prejudiced notions of science and social control, these programs informed policies on immigration and segregation. -
the dust bowl
he Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon -
california during the dust bowl
1930 in California farmers from the Midwestern Dust Bowl states, began to move to California 250,000 arrived by 1940. As families realized that the drought and dust storms didnt stop, some sold things and began to drive. Many hoped to become hired hands on California farms, learning how to grow fruits and vegetables while living on the farms where they worked. However, California used farm workers to perform specific tasks rather than learn how to become farmers in their own right. -
election of 1932
American presidential election held on Nov. 8, 1932, in which Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Pres. Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt's victory would be the first of five successive Democratic presidential wins. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. Republicans had dominated the presidency for almost the entire period from 1860. -
Emergency relief act
enabled under Herbert hoover and later adopted by franklin d. roosevelt the emergency relief act was the first major- relief legislation. It created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which released funds for public works projects across the country. The Act was designed to be a temporary means of providing employment and all the positions created in the navy yard to service the projects were therefore classified as temporary. -
21st amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment which was getting rid of all alcohol ,to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16, 1919. The Twenty-first Amendment was ratified on December 5, 1933. -
the new deal
When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to try and stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering from the great depression. Over the next years, the government instituted many experimental projects and programs, known collectively as the New Deal, that aimed to restore some measure of dignity and prosperity to many Americans. More than that, Roosevelt’s New Deal permanently changed the federal government’s relationship to the U.S. populace. -
elenor roosevelt in civil rights
Racial justice did not always concern Eleanor Roosevelt. ER began to recognize racial discrimination only after she moved to the White House in 1933. ER embraced a civil rights agenda which accepted segregation and championed equal opportunity. Quality education became her top public priority. As she told the Conference on Negro Education, "wherever the standard of education is low, the standard of living is low" and urged states to address the inequities in public school funding. -
exchange act
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, codified at is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. -
trench warfare
The Allies whom increased the use of the tank marked the beginning of the end of trench warfare, however, since the tank was invulnerable to the machine gun and rifle fire that were the trenches' ultimate defense. Relatively little use was made of trenches in the mobile warfare of World War II in Europe. trench warfare is a type of land warfare using fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire -
annexation of austria
Austria was Adolf Hitler's birth country, and she was the first nation to be annexed by Hitler's Nazi Germany. They wanted unification of all German-speaking people under one flag, this was the idea since the end of the Holy Roman Empire. in March 1938, German troops march into Austria to annex the German nation for the Third Reich. In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. -
concentration camps
The first concentration camps in Germany were established soon after Hitler's appointment as chancellor in January 1933. In the weeks after the Nazis came to power, the police, and authorities organized numerous detention camps to incarcerate real and perceived political opponents of Nazi policy. German authorities established camps all over Germany detecting jewish poeple from around having them wear stars of david. breaking up families, most of the poeple in these camps died -
invasion of poland
Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France were not convinced. in September they declared war on Germany, starting World WWII. To Hitler, the conquest of Poland would bring living space for the German people. this poland invasion is what kicked of the second world war. The German-Soviet Pact of August 1939, which stated that Poland was to be partitioned between the two powers, enabled Germany to attack Poland without the fear of Soviet intervention. -
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WW2 ( second world war)
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blacklists
The Hollywood blacklist - as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known - was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies. Artists were barred from work on the basis of their membership, alleged membership in, or sympathy with the Communist Party USA -
pearl harbor
pearl harbor was a major battle, the jap attacked the united states at pearl harbor. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they destroyed nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and planes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. The day after the assault, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. -
Germany & Italy declare war on the United States
December 1941, Italy declared war on the United States responding to the united states declaring war on japan after japs attacked pearl harbor. Germany also declared war on the US. being allies with italy they declared war that same day. US had been neutral but now they were brought into this European war. hitler wanted to beat the us to the punch in declaring war. The U.S. Navy already attacked German U-boats, & Hitler despised Roosevelt for his repeated verbal attacks against his Nazi ideology -
battle of moscow
german forces launched operation barbarossa invading the s union. the Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of extreamely significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during the war.The Soviet defensive effort upset Hitler's attack on Moscow the capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Soviet Union's largest city. Moscow was one of the primary military and political objectives for Axis forces in their invasion of the Soviet Union. -
VE day
The eighth of May was the day when German troops throughout Europe finally put their arms down. Germans surrendered to their Soviet antagonists, after the latter had lost more than 8,000 soldiers, and the germans lost more. Copenhagen and Oslo; at Karlshorst, near Berlin; in northern Latvia on the Channel Island of Sark the German surrender was realized in a final cease-fire. More surrender documents were signed in Berlin and in eastern Germany. hitler commited suicide after the soviet surrender -
japanese surrender
The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces -
andrew carnegie
Scottish-born Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) was an American industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry then became a major philanthropist. Carnegie worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory as a boy before rising to the position of division superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859.
