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Defeat at Manzikert to the Seljuk Turks. Permanent loss of most of Asia Minor. Bibliography
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Alexius appeals to Urban II at Council of Piacentza for help against the Turks. The first Crudsade is proclaimed at Council of Clermont. Bibliography
Multimedia Bibliography
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Antioch is besieged by the Crusaders Multimedia
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Reconquest of southernwestern Asia Minor. Bibliography
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Fourth Crusade is assembled at Venice Bibliography
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Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople. The LAtin Empire of Constantinople is formed as well as many Byzantine succesor states.
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Second Venetian occupation in Chios
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Ioannis Vatatzis, Emperor of Nicaea, takes over Chios
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Genoans are given the right by the Treaty of Nymphaeon to establish a commercial station in Chios.
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Benedetto Zaccaria occupies Chios. The forst Genoan period. The fortifications are reinforced.
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The Genoan Simone Vignoso conquers Chios after three months' siege More
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The first agreement between the Genoan Genoan govermenment and the semi-indepedent commercial and naval society called Mahona. Chios is ceded to the Mahona.
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The Byzantines recognize the surrender of Chios to the Mahona
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Under the leadership of Suleimanthe Majestic, the Turks, occupy Chios. More
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The island is given provileges, thus enjoying actually an independent form of goverment.
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Suppresion of a liberating movement. Massacre of the population. Great damage to the buildings.
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Destructive earthquake with thousands of victims and great damegae to the buildings. More
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Liberation of Chios More