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riots in New York City
Violent riots erupt in New York City. Although they come close on the heels of the Confederacy's surrender, they are actually because of the draft instated by Lincoln not long before. The riots last for about three days before coming to an end on July 15. -
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address. In the address, he emphasizes once more the fundamental law that all men are created equal. This became one of the most famous speeches in American history. -
Union victory at Chattanooga
After three days of fighting, the Union claims victory at Chattanooga. This allows them access to the heart of the Confederacy. -
Grant is given control of all American armies
Shortly after earning the rank of lieutenant general, Ulysses S. Grant is appointed the head of all American armies. This bolsters Union morale, since Grant has proven time and time again his competence as a leader, and also serves as a boon to the armies now under his control. -
the Battle of the Wilderness
The Battle of the Wilderness marks the beginning of a month of bloody conflict between Grant and Lee, who still manages to keep control of the remnants of his Confederate troops. This shows that, no matter what the Union says, the Confederates will continue to fight for their independence until they are truly beaten. -
Lincoln repeals fugitive slave laws
After years of controversy, Lincoln finally repeals the fugitive slave laws. This marks a turning point in black rights; although this does not guarantee freedom for all slaves, freedom is now easier for escaped slaves to attain and preserve. -
Lincoln is reelected
Lincoln is reelected as President for a second term. This time, he appoints Andrew Johnson as his Vice President. This election was even more controversial than the one preceding it, and his reelection infuriated the Confederacy. -
the 13th Amendment passes
The 13th Amendment is passed. As stated, all slaves in the United States are set free. In addition, slavery is oulawed in all American territories. -
Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse
After suffering a swift defeat, Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse. With their main military leader out of commission, the Confederacy is dealt a severe blow from which they never recover. Most consider this to be the official end of the Civil War, although some smaller conflicts still arose after this point. -
Lincoln is assassinated
While attending a play at Ford's Theater with his wife, Lincoln is shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth. He dies the next day, putting Andrew Johnson in control of the United States. Booth is shot and killed in a barn several days later.