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Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
Legislation/Supreme Court Case, Protest
It argued that segregation in schools was unequal. It prohibited segregation in schools and called it unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
No violence, Protest
African-Americans refused to ride buses in Montgomery, Alabama. It was protesting the racial inequality on public transportation. -
Black Churches and Homes Bombed
Violence by Opposition
White people were angry about the Montgomery Bus Boycott. They bombed 4 black churches and the homes of civil rights leaders. -
Cooper v. Aaron Decision
Legislation/Supreme Court Case
This was the day that they decided this case. It said that a threat of mob violence is not a reason to delay segregation in schools. -
MLK and His Wife Visit India
No violence, Achievement
They visited the homeland of Mahatma Gandhi, a non-violent activist for independence. MLK talked to Gandhi´s followers about the philosophy of non-violence. -
Freedom Riders
Violence by Protesters
Seven black and six white activists got on a Greyhound bus in Washington D.C. They were testing out the declaration that segregation on interstate transportation facilities was unconstitutional. The Freedom Riders faced violence from police officers and white protesters. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Achievement, Legislation/Supreme Court Case
It prohibited discrimination due to race, religion, color, sex, or national origin. It prohibited this discrimination in the workplace. -
Bloody Sunday
Violence by Protesters
Protesters in Alabama were injured and killed by police. Dozens were hospitalized and severely injured. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Legislation/Supreme Court Case
This law banned voter literacy tests and allowed federal examiners in certain voting jurisdictions. Poll taxes were later declared unconstitutional. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Violence by Opposition
MLK was one of the most prominent civil rights leaders. He was shot while standing on a motel balcony. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Legislation/Supreme Court Case
The US Supreme Court unanimously upheld the programs that sped up the racial integration of US public schools. About 10 families were involved in the case. -
Congressional Black Caucus is Established
Achievement
It was established in Washington D.C. There were 13 founding members. -
Thomas Bradley Elected Mayor
Achievement
Bradley was elected mayor in Los Angeles. He was the first African-American to hold this position and he was re-elected 4 times. -
National Black Feminist Organization is Formed
Achievement
It was formed by Florynce "Flo" Kennedy and Margaret Sloan-Hunter. It addressed problems and discrimination hat Black Women faced. -
University of California Regents v. Bakke Decision
Legislation/Supreme Court Case
The court ruled that affirmative action can be used to handle situations of past discrimination. It declares that race could be a determining factor in college admissions, but rejects the use of racial quotas.