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The government declared a law to establish the segregation of public schools unconstitutional. That ended the legal segregation in public education. -
Rosa Park, an African-American was arrested in Alabama, for refusing to give her spot in the bus to a white person. She said : ”At the time I was arrested I had no idea it would turn into this. It was just a day like any other day.” She was surprised by the widespread support that followed her arrest. This quote shows how one person’s simple act can lead to a significant change when many people come together. -
Senator Byrd issued the call for “Massive Resistance”. This campaign was created by a group of politicians to oppose desegregation following Brown v. Board of Education. This movement included different laws and policies. -
19 senators and 82 representatives from the Southern states signed it, a document condemning the Supreme court’s depiction in Brown v. Board of education and pledged to resist school desegregation. -
This is a group of people trying to preserve segregation and resist for. For example in front schools. -
A group of African-Americans students enrolled at Central High School in Arkansas. The goal was to testing the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Elizabeth Eckford was a teenager. She was walking alone toward Little Rock Central High School. Around her, facing a crowd of angry people as she tries to enter the school. -
African American students enrolled at the previously all-white central high school in Little Rock. Their attendance was met with violent opposition. The president sent federal troops to enforce desegregation. -
Four black students in college in Greensboro, in North Carolina. They began a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter. They were fighting for their liberties and equality. Like we see in this chart, today, it still lots of different between black and white. -
Signed by President John F. Kennedy, this is a mandatory taken affirmative actions to ensure the fair treatment in hiring and employment (without looking for race, color, religion or origins). -
This is a group of activists who that started traveling on interstate buses into the segregation in the South of US to challenge non-compliance with The Supreme Court ruling. Like we can see on the maps, slavery was concentrated in the South of US, there were the most African-American lived. -
He became the first African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. This act provoked riots and required intervention as a guard for him when he was walking to school. Because he wanted the right to study in the school of his choice without mandatory like of the western states as we see on the maps. -
Speech delivered during the March on Washington for jobs and freedom for all black people, to fight against injustice. With his famous quote : “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” It emphasizes Martin Luther King’s vision for racial harmony and breaks segregation, even in areas resistant to change. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP4iY1TtS3s -
250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC, where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech. -
During the March on Washington, some political leaders like Malcolm X or the President John F. Kennedy and segregationists (Ku Klux Klan) expressed opposition. They disagreed with the rhetoric of non-violent protests. -
A bomb exploded in Birmingham in Alabama, killing 4 African American little girls going to their church. -
This is the abolishment of the tax to vote, which was used to suppress black voters. -
3 civil rights workers were killed by members of the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi during the Freedom Summer Campaign. Showing the attention to the violent opposition. -
As we can see on the graph, black peoples never had the same rights of the white during 1790 and 1880, most of them were slaves for white families. Then, the slavery was stopped, but the inequality stay there. Hopefully, in 1964, the civil rights act was signed. President Lyndon B. signed the civil rights act, prohibiting discrimination (race, color, religion, sex, origin) in public places and in works. -
300 protesters advocating for voting rights were attacked by state troopers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, in Alabama. Showing national attention to the civil rights problems. -
This legislation outlawed discriminatory voting practices: “literacy tests”, that had some consequences as disenfranchised African Americans voters. -
Violent confrontations between Los Angeles police and people lived in Watts and other African American neighborhoods. (poverty damage and lots of victim). During years, black people were victims of lynching in United States, always more than white people, as we can see in this graph. -
Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale created this revolutionary organization with an ideology of Black nationalism, socialism and armed self-defense (against police brutality). In the cartoon designed by Herblock in 1965, we can see how police were represented and how powerful and violent they were. -
Martin Luther King Jr. died by a fatal shot at Lorraine Motel in Memphis in Tennessee. (riots and widespread mourning broke out across the country). -
Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Including the prohibition of discrimination: sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, origins, sex… -
Different kinds of protest by the members of the LGBTQ+ community erupted following a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in NYC, for their own liberties and rights. -
The Supreme Court decision upheld the use of busing to enforce the desegregation of public schools. -
She announced her candidacy for the democratic party’s presidential nomination, she became the first African American to seek a major party’s nomination for president of the United States. They tried to get a better world and take her courage for this work where she knows she will be judge. As we see on the chart, the share of respondents who say the U.S. has made a great deal/a fair amount of progress towards racial equality, but black people stayed in minority. -
This act is in the Civil Rights act of 1964 named Title VII. The goal was to strengthen protections against employment discrimination. It prohibits discrimination in the workplace based on race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, and marital or familial status. -
President Ronald Reagan signed a bill to establish a federal day for Martin Luther King Jr. -
President Bill Clinton this act into the law. Defining marriage for federal purposes as the union between one man and one woman, barring same sex married couples from the federal recognition and benefits.