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Supreme Court outlaws school segregation in Brown v. Board of Education
1. Plessy v. Ferguson
2. Oliver Brown's child was denied access to Topeka's white schools
3. Racial segregation in public educational facilities was unconstitutional -
Killed for leading voter-registration drive Belzoni, Mississippi
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Murdered for organizing black voters Brookhaven, Mississippi
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Murdered for speaking to white woman Money, Mississippi
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Slain by nightriders opposed to school improvements Mayflower, Texas
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Arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man Montgomery, Alabama
1. Parks sat in the reserved areas for blacks, but was then ordered to move to make more room for the white section that had run out of seats. She refused and was threatened by the bus driver. He called the police and Rosa was arrested.
2. She was arrested and the Montgomery Bus Boycott was organized -
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Supreme Court bans segegated seating on Montgomery buses
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Killed by Klansmen Montgomery, Alabama
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Congress passes first civil rights act since reconstuction
1. Congress
2. Established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and allowed Federal Prosecuters to obtain injunctions against denying someone the right to vote- Voting Rights Bill -
President Eisenhower orders federal troops to enforce school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas
1. Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect the first 9 black children to go to a white school. The children stayed at the school the entire school year.
2. They sent federal troops- 101st Airborne Division -
Taken from jail and lynched Poplarville, Mississippi
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Black students stage sit-in at "whites only" lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina
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Freedom Riders attacked in Alabama while testing compliance with bus desegregation laws
1. Group of people who rode buses/ public transportation in the South to challange local laws/ customs that enforced segregation
2. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commitee (SNCC)
3. Whites who didn't believe in segregation joined the rides, too -
Voter registration worker killed by white legislator Liberty, Mississippi
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Taken from bus and killed by police Taylorsville, Mississippi
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Riots erupt when James Merideth, a black student, enrolls at Ole Miss
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Riots erupt when James Meredith, a black student, enrolls at Ole Miss
1. Riots erupted and 2 were killed, hundreds wounded, and many arrested
2. Kennedy ordered about 31,000 National Guardsmen and other federeal forces to enforce order -
Reporter killed during Ole Miss riot Oxford, Mississippi
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Slain during one-man march against segregaton Artalla, Alabama
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Attack marching children with dogs and fire hoses
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Alabame governer George Wallace stands in schoolhouse door to stop university integration
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Medgar Evers, civil rights leader, assassinated Jackson, Mississippi
1. Misssissippi's NAACP field secretary- went to people's houses and asked for support
2. He was shot outside his home in 1963. When he got home from a meeting, he was carring NAACP t-shirts and was shot by Beckwith. He was taken to a hospital and denied access until it was explained who he was. He later died at the hospitlal. Beckwith went free until 1994 -
250,000 Americans march on Washington for civil rights
1. Jobs and freedom in the nation's capital; pressuring Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress
2. "I Have A Dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr, -
Youth killed during wave of racist violence Birmingham, Alabama
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Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley schoolgirls killed in bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church Birmingham, Alabama
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Witness to murder of civil rights worker assassinated Liberty Mississippi
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Killed protesting construction of segregated school Cleveland, Ohio
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Killed by Klansmen Meadville, Mississippi
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Freedom Summer brings 1,000 young civil rights volunteers to Mississippi
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James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner civil rights workers abducted and slain by Klansmen Philadelphia, Mississippi
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President Johnson signs Civil Rights Act of 1964
1. President Johnson
2. Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; ended racial segregation on the workplace, schools, or public places -
Killed by Klansmen while driving north Colbert, Georgia
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Civil rights marcher killed by state trooper Marion, Alabama
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State troopers beat back marchers at Edmund Pettus Bridge Selma, Alabama
1. Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot and this raised the anger of blacks. James Bevel along with MLK decided to organize the march as a non-violent way to revolt
2. Governer Wallace didn't want the march to take place, so he ordered Highway Patrol to use any measures necessary to prevent it. This resulted in "Bloody Sunday" where officers beat the marchers.
3. Johnson passed the Voting Rights Act -
March volunteer beaten to death Selma, Alabama
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Thousands complete the Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March
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Killed by Klansmen while transporting marchers Selma Highway, Alabama
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Black deputy killed by nightriders Varnado Louisiana
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Killed by nightriders Anniston Alabama
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Seminary student killed by deputy Hayneville, Alabama
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Student civil rights activist killed in dispute Tuskegee, Alabama
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Black community leader killed in Klan bombing Hattiesburg, Mississippi
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Killed by Klansmen Natchez, Mississippi
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Slayed by nightriders Bogalusa, Louisiana
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Civil rights leader killed after promotion to 'white' job Natchez, Mississippi
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Civil rights worker killed when police fired on protesters Jackson, Mississippi
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Thurgood Marshall sworn in as first black Supreme Court Justice
1. Lawyer that known for his success rate in front of the Supreme Court and the Brown v. Board victory
2. Because it gained extreme reconition for blacks and was a huge advancment for the Civil Rights Movement -
Samuel Hammond Jr,, Delano Middleton, and Henry Smith students killed when highway patrolmen fire on protesters Orangeburg, South Carolina
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The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated Memphis, Tennessee
1. MLK was giving a speech at the Lorraine Motel and when on the balcony, he was shot by James Earl Ray. The bullet severed his juglar and he later died at the hospital. Ray was caught 2 months later
2. Whites liked him because he kept peace, where violence easily could've been. Blacks loved him because he helped them gain many freedoms and rights, both legally and socially. His death shook the fears of all people.
