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Plessy sat in a "whites only' railroad car in 1892 and was arrested. Ferguson overruled and said that the separate but equal law was not violating the 13th and 14th ammendments. The Supreme Court overruled Ferguson and said it was a violation. the case was then dropped. https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537
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MedgerBorn July 2nd, Medgar is known for his Civil Rights activism. He helped not only gain rights for people of color in Mississppi but he was also a WWII Veteran. His fight for civil rights was sparked upon his return from war when he found that the color of his skin dictated what he could and couldn't do, while his white counterparts were recieving praise and benefits for their service. Evers is also known for his activism for ending segregation at the University of Mississippi, a white college.
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Was founded by a group of interracial Chicago students. They organized sit-ins at rallies. These students created a group that become one of the leading activist organization in the civil rights movement.
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The first African American in baseball. He was later named rookie of the year, National League MVP and World Series champ. Branch Rickey found Jackie while he was playing in the Negro Leagues and signed him to play for the Montreal Royals. He was the first black player to compete in the Major Leagues. He lead the League with a .349 batting average.
http://www.biography.com/people/jackie-robinson-9460813#breaking-the-color-barrier -
Sweatt enrolled into the University of Texas Law School and was denied. He filed suit and the case was brought to the Supreme Court, which ruled that Texas Law school was in violation of the fourteenth amendment. The Supreme Court made it so that public education systems had to allow black students.
https://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/clark/sweatt_long.html -
There were five different cases that the Supreme Court trialled under one name which was Brown v Board of Education. Marshall decided that the laws weren't equal and it went against their rights. the Court ruled that it was against the constitution.
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment -
Rosa Parks was the one who got this movement going. By sitting in the front of the bus and refusing to give her seat up to a white man, she was arrested and that sparked a movement. Martin Luther King was in charge of this peaceful rally. They put notes on the buses reminding blacks to not take the bus and to walk. The people were fighting against Jim Crow Laws in the most peaceful way they could. This continued until November 23, 1956.
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Was made because the supreme court believed that no one should have direct power over another group. They believed that in the Brown v Board the fourteenth amendment was used incorectly because it never states anything about education. They wanted to keep segregation in the states.
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The group started fter the bus boycotts. Martin Luther KIng Jr got together with other independent black churches to support the activities of groups of nonviolent protesters. the SCLC acted as an umbrella organization, unlike others that sought out individual groups. http://kingencyclopedia.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_southern_christian_leadership_conference_sclc/
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NIne African American stdents were persistent to attend th eformorly all white school. They were kept from getting into the school by the National Guard brought in by the govenor of Arkansas. President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to escort and keep these nine black students safe. Thierfirst official school day was on Septmber 25. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration
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Greensboro Sit-InFour African American college students protested against segregation by sitting at the whites only counter at a Woolsworth lunch counter. These boys came and peacefully protsted at this counter everyday by just sitting. They didn't talk or move until the restaurant closed. The boys statement caused for a movement to travel across the south with more pople doing this. Most were arrested or beaten up by whites. This action though seems small had a large and imediate impact, that forced change.
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Was formed to give younger blacks a voice in th ecivil rights movement. Ella Baker wasafraid that black youth didnt have nough of a voice in the SCLC so she put together a group just for them. They startedmore rallies and movements to get desegregation moving at a faster pace. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/sncc
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A group of 13 African American and white civil rights activists started a series of bus trips through the south to protest segregation.They tried use the whites only designated places and vice versa. They recieved violent treatment from white protestors but they also gained followers.http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-rides
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He aplied to an all white shool and was admitted but his admittance was revoced when they found out his race. He took it to the supreme court which ruled in favor and made Ole MIss accept him.When he went to schedule his classes he found the door was blockd. Presedent Kennedy sent in troops to guard him. Meredith became the first African American to graduate from the University of Mississippi. http://www.biography.com/people/james-meredith-9406314#early-life
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Letters
In 1963, MLK was sent to jail in Birmingham for protesting the treatment of black citizens even after there was a court order mandating he was barred from doing so. He spent 11 days in prison. -
The March On Washington was a mass gathering to protest segregation in America. More than 200,000 demonstrators showed to show their support for the cause. http://goo.gl/dTh8et
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In September of 1963, a historically Black church was bombed by white extremists belonging to the KKK resulting in the deaths of 4 young girls.
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The 24th Amendment to the United States constitution enacted the abolishment of the poll tax, making it easier for low income classes to vote.
http://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-xxiv -
An event held to register Black Citizens to vote, also known as the Freedom Summer. Aimed to help increase the population of voters in Mississippi. Many seeking to register to vote were met with resistance from KKK memebers, Police, and Government officials. False arrests were made, and 3 were murdered. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/freedom-summer
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Outlawed discrimination and segreation due to race, sex, religion, or nation of origin, however did not end the KKK. http://goo.gl/b8YSFn
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Malcom X was assassinated whilst giving a speech by a member of the Nation of Islam, just one week after his home was firebombed.
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/21/malcolm-x-assassination-records-nypd-investigation -
A non violent march led by civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in 1965 in protest of voting laws and bring awareness to the small portion of black voters within the US. Lasted 5 days in total over a 54 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
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Bans racial discrimination in voting practices done by the federal government as well as local and state governments. Known as one of the most effect civil rights act ever passed
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In April 1967, on the 25th, the first issue of The Black Panther, the news organ that would spark the Black Panther Party, goes into circulation. The Blank Panther party is known for its ongoing battle against racism in the U.S.
https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/ -
On the 4th of April, 1968 Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered by a sniper, while staying on the second floor of a motel and preparing for a march on Washington to lobby
against Congress on behalf on the poor citizens of America.
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr-assassination
