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Period: to
Supream Court Decisions
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Marbury v. Madison
established judicial review -
McCulloch v. Maryland
determined that Congress did have the power to create the Bank -
Gibbons v. Ogden
granted the power to regulate interstate commerce to Congress -
Plessy v. Ferguson
established “separate but equal” -
Korematsu v. The United States
established that it was constitutional to order Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II -
Brown v. The Board of Education
declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional -
Mapp v. Ohio
established that illegally obtained evidence may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts -
Gideon v. Wainwright
established public defenders -
Engel v. Vitale
determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage that it be recited in public schools -
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. The United States
established that Congress could use the Commerce Clause in the Constitution to force private businesses to abide by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Miranda v. Arizona
established the Miranda Rights -
Tinker v. Des Moines
defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools also established the tinker test which is still used today -
Swann v. Charlotte
established that busing was an appropriate remedy for the problem of racial imbalance among schools -
Regents of UC v. Bakke
ruled that the admission process of the Medical School at the University of California at Davis, which set aside 16 of the 100 seats for non-white students was unconstitutional -
Furman v. Georgia
established the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. -
Gregg v. Georgia
established two broad guidelines that legislatures must follow in order to craft a constitutional capital sentencing scheme -
New Jersey v. TLO
established probable cause -
Bethel school District v. Fraser
determined that a suspension from school for making a speech full of sexual double entendres at a private school assembly did not violate a student’s 1st amendment right -
Texas v. Johnson
invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states -
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
established that a school newspaper may be censored by school officials and it would not be a violation of the student’s first amendment rights