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400 BCE
Aristotle explained the geocentric theory
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140 BCE
Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory
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1543
Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory
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1543
Andreas Versalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body-detailing dissection of human bodies
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Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope
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Galileo developed the law of the pendulum
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William Harvey showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body
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Francis Bacon published Novum Oranganum which encouraged the experimental method
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Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion
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Galileo was put under house arrest by an Inquisition for supporting Copernicus theory
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Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning
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Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer
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Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan- social contract(people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order
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Robert Boyle created Boyle's law
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time
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Isaac Newton published his law of gravity
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John Locke explained his theory of "natural rights" (life,liberty,property)
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Francois-Marie Arouet changes his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms
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Gabriel Fahrenhite made the first thermometer to use mercury in the glass (32=freezing;212=boiling)
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The enlightened despot, Frederick ll, began his rule of Prussia
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Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer (0=freezing;100=boiling)
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Denis Diberot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia- a collection of enlightened thinker works
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Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws-detailing separation of powers i government
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Emilie du Chatalet( a mathematician and physicist )trnaslated Newtons work from Latin to French
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The Baroque Period began in art,music and architecture (Bach and Handel were Composers)
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Marie-Therese Geoffrin held her first salon of pholosophe
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Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote the Social Contract - free individual create a society and govermnent
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The enlightened despot, Catherine the Great, began her rule of Russia
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Cesare Beccaria published on Crimes and Punishments-railing against common abuses of justice
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Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies- addressing the lack of educational opportunities for women
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Joseph Priestly discovered Oxygen
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence
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Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen
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The enlightened despot,Joseph ll, began his rule of Austria
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The U.S. enacted the Constitution-establishing a federal system,separation or power,checks and balances
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The U.S Congress added the Bill of Rights(first 10 amendment) to the Constitution
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Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman-promoting women's education as virtuous
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Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox
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The Classical Period began in art, music, and architecture (Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were composers)
