Chapter 22 By Cathryn02 400 BCE Aristotle explained the geocentric theory 140 BCE Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory 1543 Andreas Versalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body-detailing dissection of human bodies 1590 Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope 1602 Galileo developed the law of the pendulum 1616 William Harvey showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body 1620 Francis Bacon published Novum Oranganum which encouraged the experimental method 1621 Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion 1633 Galileo was put under house arrest by an Inquisition for supporting Copernicus theory 1637 Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth his reasoning 1644 Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer 1651 Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan- social contract(people give up rights to a strong ruler who maintains order 1662 Robert Boyle created Boyle's law 1674 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time 1687 Isaac Newton published his law of gravity 1689 John Locke explained his theory of "natural rights" (life,liberty,property) 1694 Francois-Marie Arouet changes his name to Voltaire and goes on to champion individual freedoms 1714 Gabriel Fahrenhite made the first thermometer to use mercury in the glass (32=freezing;212=boiling) 1740 The enlightened despot, Frederick ll, began his rule of Prussia 1743 Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer (0=freezing;100=boiling) 1746 Denis Diberot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia- a collection of enlightened thinker works 1748 Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws-detailing separation of powers i government 1749 Emilie du Chatalet( a mathematician and physicist )trnaslated Newtons work from Latin to French 1750 The Baroque Period began in art,music and architecture (Bach and Handel were Composers) 1750 Marie-Therese Geoffrin held her first salon of pholosophe 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote the Social Contract - free individual create a society and govermnent 1762 The enlightened despot, Catherine the Great, began her rule of Russia 1764 Cesare Beccaria published on Crimes and Punishments-railing against common abuses of justice 1764 Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies- addressing the lack of educational opportunities for women 1774 Joseph Priestly discovered Oxygen 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence 1778 Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen 1780 The enlightened despot,Joseph ll, began his rule of Austria 1787 The U.S. enacted the Constitution-establishing a federal system,separation or power,checks and balances 1791 The U.S Congress added the Bill of Rights(first 10 amendment) to the Constitution 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman-promoting women's education as virtuous 1796 Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox 1809 The Classical Period began in art, music, and architecture (Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were composers)
