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Period: to
Strong Popularity of Nocturnal Spectacles in European Courts
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/La_Fête-Les_Plaisirs_de_l%27Ile_Enchantée-donnée_par_Louis_XIV_à_Versailles-Théâtre.jpg This image depicts a comédie-ballet, presented during the celebrations Plaisirs de l'île enchantée given by Louis XIV in 1664. It illustrates the type of spectacles that became very popular type in European courts in the mid 17th century and that needed to be presented at night. These nocturnal presentations shifted the nobles’ schedules later in the day. -
Period: to
The Rise of Night Time Socializing
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abebooks.com%2Fart-prints%2FAntique-Print-COFFEE-HOUSE-DRAUGHTS-CHECKERS-St-Clara-1699%2F22589566104%2Fbd&psig=AOvVaw31BK3PaoYwVEYnoImVtQQk&ust=1648826046255000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMCM9OjR8PYCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD This engraving depicts men socializing and playing games at a coffeehouse in Netherlands. Socializing after sunset became more widespread in cities as night activities became associated with status rather than crime -
Period: to
Widespread Shift in City Schedules and Fading of Segmented Sleep
http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html
This ironic letter by Benjamin Franklin illustrates that staying awake longer into the night and waking up later had become widespread in large cities like Paris in the late 18th century, as had seamless sleep. Franklin also mentions a new type of oil-lamp, the Argand, that contributed to make artificial lightning brighter and safer. -
Introduction of Coal Gas Street Lamps
https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/api/collection/v1/iiif/820411/1863843/main-image
This caricature of the Times portrays the introduction of coal gas street lamps in London, which significantly improved the brightness of street lighting. As the comment from the prostitute reveals, one of the main objectives of these new lamps was to help prevent crime by making the streets better lit. By making cities safer at night, these lamps contributed to the nocturnalization that led to seamless sleep.
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