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The Supreme Court declared the provision in the 1971 act unconstitutional.
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Formation of...
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The Court held the ideas of independent expenditures apply to political parties as well as expenditures.
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By 2000 parties raised nearly 463 million through soft money.
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In the 2004 election cycle about 36% of campaign funds came from PACs
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Independent expenditures were becomming limited.
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Durring the election, the candidates spent nearly 2.5 billion combined.