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He made a theory on what would happen if you cut a piece of matter into smaller pieces. He thought that you would eventually reach a point in which you can not cut anymore. He called them atomos.
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Created a modern theory of the atom based on assumptions, the theory being the atomic theory.
Experimented with gases; that evaporated water exists in air as an independent gas. -
Discovered the electron. Using the plum pudding structure.
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Proved Thomson's plum pudding structure incorrect. He proved it wrong by using alpha particles.
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Created an Atomic Theory. Some theory's that help shaped that was Liquid Droplet Theory and Quantum Theory.