Bionics

First artificial heart-lung apparatus

Mar 15, 1885

M. von Frey and M. Gruber (Leipzig) build and use the first artificial heart-lung apparatus for organ perfusion studies. Their device relies on a thin film of blood and included heating and cooling chambers, manometers, and sampling outlets, which permits monitoring of temperature, pressure, and blood gases during perfusion.

First hemodialysis of 5 patients

Dec 4, 1925

G. Haas (Germany) performs first clinical hemodialysis of 5 patients, using a modification of the Hopkins artificial kidney.

Heparin used for the first time

Mar 17, 1940

Heparin is used for the first time in human patients by Gordon Murray of Toronto.

Stationary drum artificial kidney developed by G. Murray

May 11, 1945

Stationary drum artificial kidney developed by G. Murray

First neural prothesis

Jun 13, 1957

First successful kidney transplant

Nov 15, 1962

The first successful kidney transplant in unrelated humans is performed by Joseph Murray of Boston

First human cardiac transplant is carried out by Christian Barnard of South Africa

Jan 14, 1967

Heart Transplant

First clinical application of a fully-implantable circulatory support system

Oct 26, 1999

First clinical application of a fully-implantable circulatory support system