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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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Nationality Act
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Meyer v. Nebraska
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Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward Country
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Brown Vs. Board of Education
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President Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)
Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th President of the United States of America. Johnson was the 37th Vice President in 1961-1963. He was a democrat from the state of Texas. Johnson served as a United States Representative from 1937 to 1949 and as a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961, including six years as Senate Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority Whip. He was not successful for the Democratic selection in 1960, but ran as Vice President with John F. Kennedy -
Coral Way
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
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Bilingual Education Act 1968
The Bilingual Education Act (BEA) was introduced in 1967 by Texas senator Ralph Yarborough but was later signed into action on January 2, 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Yarbrough introduced the act because of the high drop our rate and poor performance in the schools because of English only based curriculum. It was also the first legislation signed into law that year. The act was the first piece of USA federal legislation that recognized the needs of Limited English Speaking Ability (LESA -
Lau v. Nichols
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Bilingual Educational Act 1974
The BEA of 1968 was not specific enough and participants of the school district were voluntary which means not everyone participated. Civil rights activist argued that ELL students were being violated under the act. Three amendments were made in 1974 to clarify the rhyme and reason of the programs. The Lau vs. Nichols case and the Equal Education Opportunity Act of 1974 were two events that played a significant role in developing the BEA 1974. The amendment in 1974 was there to impact a few diff -
Lau Remedies
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Castaneda v. Pickard
This case was filed again the Raymondville, Texas Independent School District. Mexican American parents and their children claimed that the school district was discriminating against them because of their ethnicity. They said the classrooms were being segregated and grouped using ethnical and discriminating criteria. Lau vs. Nichols ruling said that schools were supposed to provide bilingual education for ELL students. There was no way to evaluate every schools approach often leading to inadequa -
Plyler v. Doe (1982)
The full name of this case is James Plyler, Superintendent, Tyler Independent School District, et al. v. John Do, et al. A case where the United States Supreme Court struck down a state statue denying funding for education to undocumented immigrant children. This case also struck down a municipal school district’s attempt to charge undocumented immigrant an annual $1,000 tuition fee. The holding on this case consists of a Texas statue denying free public education to illegal immigrants violated -
Gomez v. Illinois
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Ron Unz (1994)
Ronald Keeva Unz is a former businessman and political activist, best known for an unsuccessful race in 1994 for the governorship of California, and for sponsoring propositions promoting structured English immersion education. In 1994, he launched a surprise Republican primary challenge to incumbent Gov. Pete Wilson of California, running on a conservative, pro-immigrant platform against the prevailing political sentiment, and received 34% of the vote. In 1997, Mr. Unz began the "English for the -
Proposition 227 (California) (1998)
California Proposition 227, also called the English Language in Public Schools Statute, happened on the June 2, 1998 statewide primary ballot. It was approved. Proposition 227 changed the way that "Limited English Proficient" (LEP) students are taught in California. It requires California public schools to teach LEP students in special classes that are taught nearly all in English. This provision had the effect of eliminating bilingual classes in most cases. Shortens the time most LEP students s -
Proposition 203 (Arizona) (2000)
Arizona Proposition 203, English for the Children, is a ballot initiative that was passed by 63% of Arizona voters on November 7, 2000. This Proposition requires that all public school instruction be conducted in English. Children not fluent in English shall normally be placed in an intensive one-year English involvement program to teach them the language as quickly as possible while also learning academic subjects. Parents may request a waiver of these requirements for children who already know -
No Child Left Behind (2001)
The No Child Left Behind act started in January of 2001, but didn’t get fully passed until January, 2002. This required all public schools receiving federal funding to administer a state-wide standardized test annually to all students. Each state develops their own standards on this test. NCLB expanded the federal role in public education through annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, teacher qualifications, and funding changes. Supporters of the NCLB claim one of the strong pos
