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Operation Blue (Case Blue) begins, launching the German offensive in Southern Russia.
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The Battle of Stalingrad commences with intense German air raids and artillery bombardment on the city.
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German forces make significant advances, capturing parts of the city and reaching the Volga River.
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Fierce street fighting begins as the battle intensifies within Stalingrad.
Soviet forces launch counterattacks, trying to stabilize the situation in the city. -
The Soviets launch Operation Uranus, encircling the German Sixth Army inside Stalingrad.
Soviet forces achieve the encirclement, trapping nearly 300,000 Axis soldiers inside the city. -
Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, commanding the German Sixth Army, requests permission to break out of the encirclement, but Hitler orders them to stand firm.
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Operation Little Saturn, a Soviet offensive, begins to further tighten the encirclement and weaken the trapped German forces.
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Soviet forces continue to press the surrounded Germans, while conditions deteriorate for the trapped troops in Stalingrad.
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January 31: German forces in Stalingrad are split into smaller pockets as the Soviets advance.
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Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus and the remaining German forces surrender. The Battle of Stalingrad officially ends with the surrender of the German Sixth Army.