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Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this book in the 1800's as a response to the Fugitive Slave Act. The North loved the book, it was very popular, and it made them more against slavery
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Dred Scott sued for his freedom. He lost. This really made the North angry but he keeped fighting back. This Supreme Court decision was saying that slavery was allowed everywhere which went against the earlier compromises.
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There were 4 people running for president and Lincoln won.The North was happy about this and the South was angry because the South thought that Lincoln was gonna take away their rights to own slaves.
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Fort Sumter was an American Fort at the entrance of Charleston Harbor off the coast of South Carolina. The North felt like they couldn't leave because it would be admitting that the South was its own country because the South was trying to secede.