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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier discovered the role of oxygen. He also recognized and named oxygen in 1778, and hydrogen in 1783 and also opposed the phlogiston theory. -
Joseph Louis Proust
http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-scientists/chemists/joseph-louis-proust-info.htmJoseph Louis Proust is best known for 2 main things. First he developed the use of hydrogen sulfide as a reagant. The second thing he accomplished is he was able to give results of his chemical analysis in terms of percentage weights, he announced this dirscovery in 1794. -
Indivisible, solid sphere model
The Solid Sphere model was the first atomic model and was developed by John Dalton in the early 19th century. He determined that an atom is a solid sphere that can not be divided into smaller particles. He discovered this theory as a result of his research into gases. He then realized that certain gases only combined in specific proportions. His discoveries along with the atomic theory made modern chemistry and physics possible. -
John Dalton
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.htmlJohn Dalton discovered the Atomic Theory. John Dalton's Atomic theory stated that 1. All matter is made of atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. 4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. -
Michael Faraday
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtmlIn 1831, Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction; the principle behind the electric transformer and generator. This discovery was very important in allowing electricy to be transformed from a curiosity into a powerful new technology. -
Henri Becquerel
http://www2.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/03/4.htmlHenri Becquerel recieved a Noble Prize in 1903 in physics for discovering radioactivity. In 1896, Henri Becquerel was using naturally fluorescent minerals to study the properties of x-rays. He then exposed potassium uranyl sulfate to sunlight and then placed it on photographic plates wrapped in black paper, he believed that the uranium absorbed the sun's energy and then emitted it as x-rays. -
JJ Thompson
In 1897 JJ Thomson discovered the electron while doing experiments involving the study of nature electric discharge in a hgih vaccum cathode-ray tube. -
Marie Curie
http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/mariecurie.htmlMarie Curie discovered the elements polonium and radium, which helped with the x-ray. She also recieved the Noble Price twice. She won the prize for her research in radium in 1903. -
Plum Pudding Model
https://www.learner.org/courses/physics/glossary/definition.html?invariant=plum_puddingThe Plum Pudding Model is a model of atomic structure proposed by J.J Thomson in the late 19th century. He had doscovered that atoms are composite objects, made of pieces of positive and negative charge, and the negatively charge electrons within the atom were very small compared to the entire atom. He then proposesd that the atoms have structure similar to a plum pudding, that include tiny negatively charged electrons embedded in a positively charged substrate. -
Albert Einstein
http://www.space.com/17661-theory-general-relativity.htmlIn 1905, Albert Einstein formulated a special Theory of Relativity. In this theory he determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non- accelerating observers. He also showed that the speed of light within a vaccum is the same no matter the speed an observer travels. -
Robert Milikan
Robert Milikan measured the charge of an electron with an oil-drop apparatus.between 1908-1917 -
Ernest Rutherford
http://www.famousscientists.org/ernest-rutherford/Ernest Rutherford ia the father of nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics. He discovered and named the atomic nucleus, the proton, alpha particle, and the beta particle. He also discovered the concept of nuclear half-lives and achieved the first deliberate transformation of one element into another. -
Planetary Model
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/modern-atomic-theory/rutherford-model.htmlRutherford tested Thomson's hypothesis by devising his "gold foil" experiment. He reasoned that if Thomson's model was correct then the mass of an atom would spread out through. Then, he decided to test this with a film of gold atoms. As he had expected, most of the alpha particles went right through the gold foil, but he was so surprised that a few alpha particles rebounded almost directly backwards. This was not consistent with Thomson's model. -
Niels Bohr
http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_bohr.htmlNiels Bohr made contributions to understanding the structure of an atom and to the early development of quantum machanics. He developed the Bohr model of the atom and later the liquid drop model and the principles of correspondence complementarity. In 1913 Niels Bohr proposed a theory for the hydrgen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transfered only in certain well defined quantities -
Max Planck
http://www.famousscientists.org/max-planck/Max Planck is well known for being the originator of the quantum theory of energy and was also awarded a Noble Prize for it in 1918. His work contributed to understand the atomic and subatomic processes. -
Lise Meitner
In 1966, Lisa Meitner was awarded the Enrico Fermi, along with Otto Hahn, and Fritz Strassmann for their work on the discovery of Uranium Fission. She remains one of the most important people in the fields of radioactivity and nuclear physics. Also, the name of the chemical element, meitnerium was suggested in her honor. She is also credited for the discovery of protactinium, in 1918. -
Louis DeBroglie
http://www.famousscientists.org/louis-de-broglie/Louis DeBroglie gained worldwide acc;aim for his groundbreaking work on quantum theory. In 1924, he discovered the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter have wave properties. In 1929 won the Noble Prize for physics. -
Ernest Schrodinger
[http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/schrodinger.html](hhttp://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/schrodinger.htmlttp://)Ernest Schrodinger developed a powerful model in 1926. He combined the equations for the behavior of waves with the de Broglie equation to generate mathmatical model for the distrubution of electrons in an atom. The advantages of this model is that it consists of mathematical equations known as wave functions that satify the requirements placed on the behavior of electrons. -
Electron Cloud Model
http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/physical/atomictheory/lesson1/atomic1g.htmlIn 1926, Erwin Schrodinger developed the Electron Cloud Model.It consisted of a dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons at various levels in orbitals. He and Werner Heisenburg Mathematically determined regions in which electrons would be most likely found. -
James Chadwick
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/neutrondis.html James Chadwick was awarded the Noble Prize in 1935 in Physics for discovering the neutron in 1932. James Chadwick discovered the neutron by using scattering data to calculate the mass of this neutral particle. -
Otto Hahn
http://www.famousscientists.org/otto-hahn/In 1938,Otto Hahn worked with Fritz Strassmann, a chemist, and they discovered that the element barium was produced when uranium atoms were bombarded with neutrons. When discovering this they had really discovered nuclear fission which is a primary chemical process involved in a nuclear reaction. This amazing discovery indirectly discovered the atomic bomb and nuclear energy. For the discovery of nuclear fission Otto Hahn was awarded the Noble Prize in 1944. -
Glen T. Seaborg
http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/seaborg.htmlin 1944, Glen T. Seaborg formulated the "actinide concept" of heavy element electronic structure that predicted that the actinide would form a transition series analogous to the rare Earth series lanthanide elements. This was called the most significant changes in the periodic table. Between 1944 and 1958 he identified eight elements.