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Newton proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion
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Proposed an "atomic theory" with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass.
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Studied the effect of electricity on solutions, coined term "electrolysis" as a splitting of molecules with electricity, developed laws of electrolysis. Faraday himself was not a proponent of atomism.
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Built one of the first gas discharge tubes ("cathode ray tube").
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Proposed electric and magnetic fields filled the void.
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Dscovered isotope
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Developed an explanation of atomic structure that underlies regularities of the periodic table of elements. His atomic model had atoms built up of sucessive orbital shells of electrons.