Arquitecture

Hospital of the Innocents (Brunelleschi)

1419

Considered a notable example of early Italian Renaissance architecture. Raised above the plaza level by a series of steps running the full length of it, it was built in several phases, only the first of which had Brunelleschi's direct supervision. Later phases added the attic and expanded the building. a hole further south. The vaulted passageway in the alcove to the left of the gallery was also added later.

Dome of Santa Maria dei Fiori (Brunelleschi)

1420

Pointed shape, formed by eight faces or ogival panels, covered with red clay tiles and bordered by eight white stone nerves. The structure rests on an octagonal drum, pierced by eight oculi for interior lighting. The ribs converge in an upper octagonal ring, surmounted by a lantern. The interior is made up of two caps or domes. The outside of the drum is covered with polychrome marble.

Medici Riccardi Palace (Michelozzo di Bartolomeo)

1444

Renaissance plan, patio around which the bedrooms are arranged. Facade divided into 3 floors by means of the different treatment of the rustic rigging and the padding of its wall. Gradation of a padding ashlar in the lower part that evolves into a much more padding smooth and polished at the top. Each floor is separated by cantilevered cornices. Rustic ashlar was used as a symbol of wealth and power, as it was very expensive and difficult to make.

Malatesta Temple of Rimini (Alberti)

1450

Originally the church of San Francisco was a Gothic temple. In the same place, the existence of another church called Santa María in Trivio, referenced from the 9th century, is documented. The original church had a rectangular floor plan, without side chapels, and a single nave with three apses. The central one was probably decorated with a fresco by Giotto. This artist is also the author of a crucifix that is currently in the right apse.

"Ciudad Ideal" (Urbino)

1480

The painting is one of the most symbolic images of the Italian Renaissance and was created at the court of Federico de Montefeltro. Some names proposed to determine their authorship are Piero della Francesca, Luciano Laurana or Francesco di Girogio Martini. Other scholars believe that the work belongs to the Florentine sphere, such as Giuliano da Sangallo1 or his school.

Shrine of San Pietro in Montorio (Bramante)

1502

Made of granite, marble and travertine, with stucco and plaster finishes. Circular plan and imitates the oriental martyria. It has a colonnade that surrounds the cella, covered by a hemispherical dome. This colonnade forms a peristyle. Reference to culture Greek in the circular form, like a Greek tholos. It stands on a staircase with a short podium on which the Tuscan colonnade rises, topped by an entablature crowned by a balustrade.

Farnese Palace (Miguel Angell y Sangallo)

1514

The palace is located in a square adorned with fountains that reused granite bathtubs from the Baths of Caracalla. The facade is divided into three floors. The 13 windows on each floor have different decorations and those on the noble floor are crowned with alternately curvilinear and triangular pediments. A recent restoration has brought to light a decoration obtained with the use of yellow and red bricks in some part of the façade.

Palace of Carlos V in the Alhambra (Pedro Machuca)

1526

The floor plan of the palace is made up of a square with a circular patio inscribed inside. This Mannerist layout of the palace is unprecedented in Renaissance architecture, the artistic avant-garde of the time. The building consists of two levels: the ground floor is of the Tuscan order, completely rusticated, in whose pilasters large decorated bronze rings are inserted. The upper floor is of the Ionic order and its pilasters alternate with lintelled openings provided with a pediment.

Basilica of Vicenza (Palladio)

1549

The Basilica Palladiana is a Renaissance building located in Piazza dei Signori in Vicenza. Its most important architectural element is the loggia it has and which is one of the first examples of what is known as a Palladian window. The building was originally built in the fifteenth century. Palladio added a new marble outer shell, loggia and portico that now hide the original Gothic design of the basilica.

Palace of Fontainebleau (Henri IV)

1550

The building is developed around a series of courtyards. This palace introduced Italian mannerism in France, in interior decoration and in the gardens, adapting it. French mannerism in interior decoration of the 16th century is known as the "Fontainebleau style": it combines sculpture, ironwork, painting, stucco and carpentry. In gardening it meant the introduction of the parterre.

"El Escorial" Monastery (Juan De Herrera)

1563

Complex that includes a royal palace, a basilica, a pantheon, a library, a college and a monastery. Rectangular floor plan with four corner towers, common in sober Castilian stone fortresses, classical Italian architecture in the basilica and the portals , and the Flemish slate roofs. Predominant architectural order is Tuscan. Its architecture is the best example of the Spanish Renaissance and a model of the style called "Herrerian" or "unadorned".

Vicenza Olympic Theater (Palladio)

1580

The Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza is the first roofed theater building in modern history, as well as being the first closed theater in the world and one of the oldest in Europe.