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Civil Service exams where a test that those wanting to be in the Chinese government must pass to the eligible. They ensured that qualified people were making the decisions for countries and enforces the common beliefs and ensured those elected were educated and followed those beliefs. (politcal)
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The Byzantine or the eastern half of the Roman Empire survived for thousands of after the Western half dissolved. The Byzantine is known for their long lasting medieval power and its influence remains in art, religion, law in some places, and architecture. (political)
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The Silk Road was a collection of Eurasian trade routes spanning over 6,400 kilometers. The Silk Road played an important role in facilitating economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between different countries around Eurasia. (ecinomic)
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Triangle shaped sail that was significant because it enabled a ship to have maneuverability. The triangular sail allowed ships to sail against the wind. (Innovation)
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The Song dynasty adopted and created many things to further them and the world. The created civil service exams, created paper money, and started using rice for their main source of food. Their economy boomed too with the trade along the silk road. They built the grand canal to connect different parts of the empire and make this trade easier. (political)
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Champa rice was a Vietnamese strain of rice, adopted by China in the 11th Century. This new strain of rice was quick growing and drought resistant. Mixed with new agricultural techniques, this new rice boomed and was a huge food source and it lead to migration and population increase in the southern China rice-growing areas.
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The Crusades were a series of religiously motivated wars between Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem. There were 8 different crusades, all where bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts. The result was defeat for Europeans and a Muslim victory but they helped to expand the reach of Christianity and Western civilization. (Culture)
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The Mongol empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history and spanned most of Asia. They improved the communication along the Silk Road by establishing a postal relay system and founded many new ruthless war techniques. They DOMINATED the era and took over whoever stood in their way. (Political)
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He was one of the most well known travelers from the time period, where he left Venice as a merchant, explorer and writer who recorded his travels in his book. Marco encouraged others to travel and silk road and increased the trade during the time period by promoting the route. He was sent by the Mongol emperor on fact-finding missions to distant lands to learn more about them in expand trade. (culture and political)
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The last of the great Mesoamerican societies. They were known for temple-pyramids and sophisticated agriculture techniques such as chinampa farming. (political)
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Ibn Battuta was a medieval Muslim traveler who wrote one of the world's most famous travel logs. His logs describe people, places, and culture he experienced in each location he went to. Ibn Battuta also experienced being a legal judge in religious and civil matters. (cultural)
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts between England and France during the late Middle Ages. The spark of the conflict was the topic of the succession to the French crown after Charles IV's death and territorial disputes. The end of the war led a united France and economic toll on England. (political)
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Native Chinese rulers ruled this dynasty, they were known for the building of the Great Wall, and the large Chinese influence that occurred throughout Asia during this time. (political)
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Age of Exploration was a time period where people of Europe nations started to explore the world. The biggest exploration was to the west where Europeans discovered the Americas. The discover started colonization and eventually established the USA. (politial)
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Joan of Arc was a woman who believed she was called by God to save France and expel its enemies and places Charles as king. Even though she was arrested and later killed in May of 1431, she remained a figurehead and saint figure of France. (cultural)
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An Italian explorer and navigator who made 4 voyages across the Atlantic Ocean for Spain. In pursuit of a new route to India, he stumbled upon the Bahamas. This first trip marked the beginning of centuries of European exploration in and to North and South America. (exploration)
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Discovered the Strait of Magellan en route to the spice islands with a five ship fleet. The voyage was important as it hugged the coast, searching for the strait, the discovery allowed sea trade to become much faster.(ecinomic)
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The New World was what Christopher Columbus and Europe called North America after its discovery. It was founded in 1592 by Christopher Columbus and was a hot spot for exploration and expansion. European countries come over and conquers it to expand their own empire and develop the land until it started to break free and new countries. (political)
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The Gunpowder Empires were a collection of 3 Muslim empires which got their name from their ways of conquering cities and towns through their new types of weapons such as rifles and cannons. The three empires were the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. These three empires expanded a lot and were the powerful forces of southeast Europe, the middle east, and southwest Asia. They shaped the political climate and tied different religion together to shape the countries for the future. (political)
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Joint stock companies are companies owned by its investors, each investor owning a share based on how much of the company they have purchased. These companies were created in order to fund endeavors and projects to expensive for one person to fund. Notable joint stock companies include the East India Company and the British East India Company. (economic)
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Settler colonies were an extreme version of imperialism where an empire would send a large number of people over at once to takeover and create their own cities within the native population. Britain was notorious for performing the practice and it was utilized in their colonization of Australia. Settler Colonies aggressive nature allowed them to be successful and change the colonizing landscape (political)
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A period of significant social, scientific, political, and philosophical reforms. Focus shifted to liberal democracies and democratic institutions shifted. John Locke's famous "inalienable rights" were written. (cultural)
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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the United States. Production moved to factories which employed many people including women and children. The Industrial revolution modernized the world and introduced a new working class into our social hierarchy and led to economic growth. (economic and cultural)
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A period in which global powers were competing to extend their powers and create colonies. Many countries were focusing on finding colonies not only to advance their powers but to also better their economies. Lands that were colonized during this time often petitioned for their freedom, many revolutions occurred while countries petitioned their freedom. (political)
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The American revolution started because America wanted freedom from Britain. America wanted democracy and they eventually won the war and got independence. The war ended when the treaty of Paris was signed, recognizing the USA as an independent country. This also inspired France to start a revolution and end absolute power in their country. (cultural)
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The French Revolution was a result of the French Monarchy. The people of France wanted democracy and to eliminate absolute power. As a result of the war, rule changed in France and liberalism and nationalism were spread. (political)
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The first Cholera outbreak occurred in 1817 in India. The disease remained prominent nearly 200 years later although vaccines prevent people from getting it. Europe experienced a large Cholera outbreak in 1854 called the 1854 Broad Street Cholera outbreak. This disease was known to be classless, brutal, and very deadly. During the London Cholera outbreak, scientists discovered that the disease travels through drinking water. (enviornment)
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The Opium war was a drug war between China and GB. GB was selling Opium to the people of China to make money and have power over China by getting them addicted to the drug. (political)
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The Ireland potato famine was caused by several years of potato crop failures due to a disease called late blight. Late blight causes potatoes to destruction in the leaves and roots of potatoes. Due to the Irish diet being fairly centered around potatoes, the famine caused much destruction and hunger. (enviornment)
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A Chinese Communist revolution, led by Mao Zedong declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China. This event was essentially a civil war as the communist party defeated the Chinese government. (cultural)
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World War One or The Great War began with the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Hungary by a Serbian Nationalist. This action sparked a conflict of 4 years that was marked with alliances and heavily nationalistic countries. Due to new military technologies and trench warfare, WW1 saw mass destruction and more than 16 million deaths. (political)
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The Great Depression was period during the 1900s between the world wars in which economies worldwide fell. It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world, sparking fundamental changes in economic institutions and political structure. The Great Depression began in the United States after the Black Tuesday stock market crash. The Great Depression led to drastic declines in output, severe unemployment, and terrible deflation world wide. (economic)
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World war 2 started when Hitler rose to power and created Nazi Germany. He wanted to eliminate all Jews and anyone who wasn't a normal German. He put Jews and other minorities in camps, and fought his way all over Europe, starting in Poland. Germany was apart of the Axis, as well as Italy and Japan, while the Allies, France, GB, USA, and Russia, fought them. After the war, the united nations was established and Germany was punished for their war crimes. (political)
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The German Nazi Party mass murder and genocide of over 6 million Jewish people and minorities, around 2/3 of Europe's Jewish population. Murders occurred specifically in concentration camps using over work and gas chambers. Nazis would also test medicine on people in the camps, especially children. This occurred during the second world war and was ended with the end of the war. (cultural)
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During world war 2, Japan launched an attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japan's goal was to destroy the naval fleet which they did, using torpedo missiles. Over 2,000 people were killed and this officially brought the US into world war 2 after declaring war on Japan a day later. (political)
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After World War 2, the United Nations was created as a new version of the Legal of Nation. The UN has 193 member countries and is used to decide disputes around the world and solve problems for the purpose of preventing a war from starting. All countries have equal say and it's a place where large problems can attempted to be solved. (political)
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The Cold war started after world war 2 because Russia wanted to spread communism. The United States did not like the idea Russia had for the world so a war of intimidation started. They tried to intimidate each other by making Atomic Bombs, the space race, etc. The cold war also had proxy wars which were the Vietnam and Korean war. (poltical)
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NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a security alliance of 30 countries from North America and Europe. NATO's fundamental goal is to safeguard freedom and security by political and military means. NATO was a new alliance put in place after world war 2 made to defend each other from threats and prevent them in the first place. (political)
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Following industrialization, the population of the world boomed because of new inventions and sanitary practices that allowed for a longer living time. Trade and the expansion of different foods prevented famine and improved feeding practices. Colonialism allowed Africa and north America to flourish and become more populated and expand. The Population growth lead to overpopulation in some places leading to the one child policy in China, and bad effects to the environment. (enviornmental)
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First noticed in the 1950s, climate change has been going on since the 1800s through human detriments to the environment. The industrial revolution in particular marked a start of significant human damage on the environment. Climate change involves the release of to many greenhouse gasses, which cause temperatures on earth to rise and extreme weather to occur more often. (envirornmental)
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The Asian Tigers are four the high-growth economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. All four economies were fueled by exports and rapid industrialization, and have achieved high levels of economic growth during the period of 1960-1990. Their economy grew at over 7% annually and set an example for the rest of the world regarding economic excellence. (economic)
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The European Union is an organization made up of 27 European countries. It was made for the purpose of bettering Europeans economy and led to Europe's adoption of the Euro. It helped to improved foreign and security policy, and granted common citizenship rights for citizens of member countries. In all the EU helped to unite Europe and promoted democracy for the cause of creating a better continent. (political)
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The Space race was a form of competition between the US and the Soviets during the cold war. It started with Russia's Sputnik launch, which got into the earth's orbit. The US eventually won the space race in 1957, putting the first man on the moon. (cultural)
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The WTO or World Trade Organization is a international trade facilitator. It's establishment occurred so that together, governments could create rules and laws for international trade.(economic)
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A terrorist attack on the US by the Islamic extremist group Al-Qaeda led by Osama Bin Laden. Al-Qaeda members got on four different flights and hijacked them three succeeded in this flying them into both the twin towers and the pentagon, the one that failed crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.(cultural)