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Double Victory Campaign
This Double Victory campaign was an effort to help promote democracy overseas and for African Americans at the home front in the United States during World War II. The Pittsburgh Courier, then the largest black newspaper in the United States, started this campaign and it ended up being extremely successful. The slogan for the campaign was as stated "victory abroad over Nazism and victory at home over racism and inequality". -
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APUSH - Civil Rights Timeline
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Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark supreme court case about racial segregation within the US schooling system. The decision made by the supreme court was that segregation within schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the constitution and in 1954 it was stated that segregation was not fair in schools. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a boycott of bus transportation by African Americans and it lasted for over a year, this led to the supreme court to rule that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional. The most well known example of this boycotting was Rosa Parks who refused to give up her seat when asked to move on a public bus. -
Little Rock Nine
Little Rock Nine was an event where a group of nine African American high-school students who challenged racial segregation in the public schools of Little Rock, Arkansas. The nine children were Minnijean Brown, Terrance Roberts, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed, Melba Patillo, Gloria Ray, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in protests all across America by riding in a bus and stopping to protest, they were protesting racial segregation in bus terminals. As a result of their protests the Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations banning segregation in interstate travel. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington is one of the largest protests in American history with over 250,000 people gathering in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. This protest was meant to alert American people about the many inequalities people of color faced in the labor market and their economic rights. Many African Americans struggled to get jobs at this time due to heavy discrimination, this is why a protest of this size began to gain many followers. MLK's “I have a dream” speech was here. -
Birmingham Campaign
The Birmingham Campaign was an event where more than 1,000 African American students attempted to march into downtown Birmingham, this ended with violence and mayhem with over two hundred arrests. When hundreds more students gathered the following day, the fire brigade ended up spraying students with water. This event marked a turning point in the brutality that African Americans were facing, and it put a spotlight on African American rights all throughout America. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act is known as one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. This act stated employers cannot deny employees on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This act essentially ended segregation all across America by law, though this didn’t stop many employers from doing otherwise. -
Watts Riots
The Watts Riot began in August of 1945 when a California Highway Patrol officer pulled over an African American man under the assumption that they were intoxicated. This led to a 6 day protest that costed the area more than 40 million dollars in damage making this riot the largest and costliest urban rebellion of the Civil Rights era. -
Selma March and Voting Rights Act
The protest at Selma was a nonviolent protest, led by MLK, about the issue of voting rights in Selma, Alabama. Although the protesters were nonviolent, they were brutally attacked by state troopers. One of the most brutal moments of Selma is known as “Bloody Sunday”. This protest ended up bringing massive voting reform and prompted Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act. This act ended discriminatory voting practices that were happening in the south. -
Black Power Movement & the Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party was founded in Oakland, California by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton because of the violent police brutality against African Americans by police. The party was meant to be a revolutionary and violent form of protest. Although they were violent the Black Panther Party confronted politicians and protected many African American citizens. -
Assassination of MLK & Subsequent Riots
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated by James Earl Ray due to one reason, hatred. This attack on king was upsetting for many Americans and it resulted in riots all across the United States. These riots lasted for over 5 days in areas such as Washington D.C., and Detroit.
