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Founding of the ANC
African National Congress.
A liberation movement to unite the African people and fight the struggle for fundamental, political, social, and economical changes -
Period: to
African Apartheid
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Congress Youth League founded
Founded by Ashley Mda, Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, and Olivier Tambo. Youth Leadership group to fight against apartheid. -
Defiance Campaign
1st large scale protest against the apartheid laws.
8,000 people participated. -
Sharpsville Massacre
180 Africans injured, 69 killed when the South African police fired at 300 demonstrators, protesting against the passed laws. A liberation group decided to form a march against the Pass Laws. They left their passes at home.
this was a turning point in apartheid. -
Albert Luthuli Wins the Nobel Peace Prize
He became the first African to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
was Part of the Zulu tribe. a south african
teacher and a politician.
Head of the ANC. -
Spear of the Nation formed
is also known as "MK"
the wing of the ANC that fought against the apartheid government.
with Mandela as its commander in chief, launched bombing
attacks on government targets and made plans for guerilla warfare
Started because of the Sharpsville Massacre. -
Nelson sentenced to life in prison
Nelson Mandela was sentenced for committing sabatoge against South Africa's apartheid government. -
Soweto Uprising
students in Soweto protesting for a better education. The students wanted to learn their own bantu language.
Hundreds were killed during the riots. -
Steve Biko dies in police custody.
Was arrested for traveling outside his banned area.
Leader of the Black Consciousness Movement dies .
He was also the founder of the South African Student Organization and the Black's Peoples convention.
Died at 30 years of age -
Desomnd Tutu wins the Nobel Peace Prize
Recieved it for his nonviolent work against apartheid.
Objective - a democracy and just society about racial divisions.
1. equal civil rights for all
2. the abolition of south africa's passport laws
3. a common system of education
4. the forced deportation from South Africa to so called Homelands ( bantusuans) -
Nelson Mandela Released from Prison
was released after 27 years in prison
Mandela was arrested in August 1962 and sentenced to five years in prison. In 1963, he was convicted a second time for sabotage. He received a life sentence on June 12, 1964, and was sent to prison on Robben Island. -
Nelson Mandela becomes President of South Africa
The inauguration ceremony took place in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria
He is South Africa's first black president.