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Indan National Congress
A political party in India established in the late nineteenth century. It was the party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. After India achieved independence from Britain in 1947, the Congress party dominated India's politics for two decades. -
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India Independence Movement
efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British, French and Portuguese and form the nation-state of India. It involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and India's emergence as an unified nation-state on August 15, 1947. -
Salt March
passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt. -
Quit India movement
Led by Gandhi, used non-violent methods of resistance to demand freedom from British rule -
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South Africa Apartheid
policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa -
Muslim League
political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India -
Accra Riots
riots in Ghana -
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Ghana Independence Movement
Kwame Nkrumah led strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations in order to gain Independence from British rule. Ghana introduced Africa to decolonization in 1957 after gaining independence. -
a Pass Law
The government began to require all African males over the age of 16 to carry a "reference book" containing personal information and employment history. -
First Black Firm
Mandela and Tambo open up South Africa's first black law firm, which offered free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation -
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Defiance Campaign
The Defiance Campaign in 1952 was the first large-scale, multi-racial political mobilization against apartheid laws under a common leadership -
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Mau Mau Rebellion
a war in the British Kenya Colony that had Kenyan factions fighting British colonial rule -
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Algerian War for Independence
Conflict between France and Algerian Independence movements -
Freedom Charter
the Freedom Charter was adopted, a document drafted in secrecy that demands the achievement of a democratic, free and multiracial society. -
Women's March
20,000 women of all races marched to the union buildings in Pretoria, to protest against pass laws that would limit the movements of black, Indian and colored women, and where they were allowed to work. -
Congo Independence Movement
Patric Lumumba was the first prime minister of the Republic of Congo and was trying to gain independence from France. -
Bantu Self-Government Act
Abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and divided Africans into 10 ethnically discrete groups, each assigned a national "homeland." -
The Spear of the Nation
Mandela and the rest of the defendants are acquitted of the high treason charge. He goes underground and creates “The Spear of the Nation” (Umkhonto we Sizwe), an armed wing of the ANC, from which he becomes commander and chief. -
Sharpeville Massacre
After demonstrating against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. -
Mandela arrest
Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment -
Evian Accords
Peace treaty signed by France and Algeria -
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Cambodian Civil War
Civil war fought between Khmer Rouge and the government of Cambodia -
U.N. expolsion
South Africa is expelled from U.N. because of Apartheid -
Soweto Massacre
More than 600 students were killed -
Mandela release
Nelson Mandela is released from prison -
Mandela Presidency
Mandela becomes president of the ANC, African National Congress -
Mandela Presidency
Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa -
Mandela gets diagnosed with cancer
suffering from prostate cancer, he said goodbye to the parliament, naming Thabo Mbeki as the new president. When he retired from political life in June 1999, he dedicated himself to the orientation of various humanitarian causes.