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A political party in India established in the late nineteenth century. It was the party of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. After India achieved independence from Britain in 1947, the Congress party dominated India's politics for two decades.
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efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British, French and Portuguese and form the nation-state of India. It involved a wide spectrum of Indian political organizations, philosophies, and rebellions between 1857 and India's emergence as an unified nation-state on August 15, 1947.
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passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.
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Led by Gandhi, used non-violent methods of resistance to demand freedom from British rule
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policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa
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political group that led the movement calling for a separate Muslim nation to be created at the time of the partition of British India
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riots in Ghana
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Kwame Nkrumah led strikes, boycotts, and demonstrations in order to gain Independence from British rule. Ghana introduced Africa to decolonization in 1957 after gaining independence.
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The government began to require all African males over the age of 16 to carry a "reference book" containing personal information and employment history. -
Mandela and Tambo open up South Africa's first black law firm, which offered free or low-cost legal counsel to those affected by apartheid legislation
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The Defiance Campaign in 1952 was the first large-scale, multi-racial political mobilization against apartheid laws under a common leadership
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a war in the British Kenya Colony that had Kenyan factions fighting British colonial rule
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Conflict between France and Algerian Independence movements
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the Freedom Charter was adopted, a document drafted in secrecy that demands the achievement of a democratic, free and multiracial society.
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20,000 women of all races marched to the union buildings in Pretoria, to protest against pass laws that would limit the movements of black, Indian and colored women, and where they were allowed to work. -
Patric Lumumba was the first prime minister of the Republic of Congo and was trying to gain independence from France.
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Abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and divided Africans into 10 ethnically discrete groups, each assigned a national "homeland."
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Mandela and the rest of the defendants are acquitted of the high treason charge. He goes underground and creates “The Spear of the Nation” (Umkhonto we Sizwe), an armed wing of the ANC, from which he becomes commander and chief.
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After demonstrating against pass laws, a crowd of about 7,000 protesters went to the police station. -
Mandela was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment
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Peace treaty signed by France and Algeria
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Civil war fought between Khmer Rouge and the government of Cambodia
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South Africa is expelled from U.N. because of Apartheid
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More than 600 students were killed
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Nelson Mandela is released from prison
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Mandela becomes president of the ANC, African National Congress
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Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa
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suffering from prostate cancer, he said goodbye to the parliament, naming Thabo Mbeki as the new president. When he retired from political life in June 1999, he dedicated himself to the orientation of various humanitarian causes.