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The printing press helped mass produce books and made it more efficient and affordable. The printing press also helped speed up book production
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This fall of Constantinople marked the fall of the Byzantine Empire. After the Ottoman Empire was at a 2 year siege they finally broke down the walls with powerful cannons. The Ottoman Empire was led by Sultan Mehmed ll. -
A royal house of English and Welsh origin
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When Columbus landed in the Americas he thought he landed in India -
This was the expulsion of Jew and if they did not leave they must have transferred to Catholicism -
Pope Julius ll hired Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Now the painting on top of the Sistine Chapel is one of the most iconic pieces of art in the High renaissance. -
a 16th-century religious and cultural movement that ended the religious unity of the Catholic Church in Western Europe, creating Protestantism and leading to significant social and political changes -
The main argument is that the bible is the ultimate Christian authority and that humans can only get to heaven through faith and God -
The Diet of Worms was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to the diet in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal bull of the Pope
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The Prince is used to tell princes how to rule in a way and how to make your community appreciate you.
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Act of the English Parliament that declared King Henry VIII the "Supreme Head of the Church of England," officially separating the Church of England from the authority of the Pope and Rome -
The book presented a heliocentric model, proposing that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe. This work is considered a foundational text of the Scientific Revolution and influenced later astronomers like Galileo and Kepler. -
The Catholic Reformation established Catholic orthodoxy and launched a massive, and largely successful, campaign to re-affirm the loyalty and enthusiasm of Catholic laypeople
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A treaty that ended the religious conflict between Catholics and Lutherans within the Holy Roman Empire -
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was a wave of targeted assassinations and mob violence by French Catholics against French Protestants, known as Huguenots, in 1572. The violence began in Paris and spread to other parts of France, severely affecting the Huguenot political movement -
The War of the Three Henrys was the eighth and final conflict of the French Wars of Religion, lasting from 1585 to 1589. The war pitted three different factions, all led by men named Henry, against one another for control of France.
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The Spanish Armada was defeated in 1588 by the English navy, led by Sir Francis Drake and Charles Howard, with severe storms contributing to its destruction. The defeat foiled Spain's plan to invade England, boosted English morale, and altered the balance of European power. -
The Edict of Nantes was a decree issued in 1598 by King Henry IV of France that granted religious and civil liberties to the country's Calvinist Protestants, known as Huguenots. It was intended to end the French Wars of Religion, a series of conflicts between Catholics and Protestants that had torn France apart for decades.