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USA founded (declaration signed)
This is the when second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, announcing separation from Great Britain. It is celebrated as a national holiday and our largest holiday to this day, remembering how our country was founded. -
Storming of Bastille/Start of French Revolution
Intro. On 14 July 1789, a state prison on the east side of Paris, known as the Bastille, was attacked by an angry and aggressive mob. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy's dictatorial rule, and it spiraled into the revolution against the monarchy. -
Declaration of rights of Man/Citizen
The declaration of the rights of man and citizen is considered to be the most important document in history as it held view that equal rights should granted to every man on this earth. Some ideas mentioned in it are: separation of power, the right of freedom, right of religion, right of speech and ideas of liberty. -
French National Convention
The National Convention was elected to provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy. The Convention had 749 people, which included businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men.This is when they first met, all 749 members. They abolished the monarchy, and made French a Republic. All 749 were Republicans. -
Reign of Terror Begins
It was started by the leader of the most radical side of the National Convention (The Jacobins), Maxmilen Robespierre. At the beginning the Committee of Public Safety was formed, which helped the war because it forced more men to fight, and made the largest army in European history. However, this Committee ended up killing more than 30,000 people in the Reign of Terror that followed because they would say they were threats to the country and people. It ended on July 28 of 1794. -
Directory founded
It was a ruling five people government in the First French Republic after the Reign of terror. It was eventually overthrown in 1799 by Napoleon Bonaparte, a very famous emperor of France. -
Napoleon take power of France
After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup d'etat, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European nations and expanded his empire. -
Napoleon overthrows Directory
Napoleon had arrived unannounced from Egypt, and with help form his brother ended the Directory, and took control, mainly because he had been a very successful and smart war general and was shown as a strong leader, which he actually turned out to be. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The British navy so far had been superior to the French and the Spanish navy's, they had a blockade up so that England could trade, and block France from stopping their supply, as well as stopping Frances supply partially. In this battle than supremacy was established firmly, with the British sealing it in the stone that they were unchallenged and nobody for a long time would every question their navy supremacy. -
Slavery abolished in British Empire
Slavery Abolition Act, (1833), in British history, act of Parliament that abolished slavery in most British colonies, freeing more than 800,000 enslaved Africans in the Caribbean and South Africa as well as a small number in Canada. It received Royal Assent on August 28, 1833, and took effect on August 1, 1834. -
Battle of Borodino Begins
(Napoleon enters Moscow) After France and Russia declared war, Napoleon rallied a very large army and attacked Russia. He ultimately won this fight, but not the war. -
Napoleon Retreats from Russia
He stayed in the burned capital for 5 weeks before he left, and so he left with a smaller percentage than what he had started and what he could have saved if he had retreated earlier. He retreated on October the 19th -
Battle of Nations
Napoleon thought he could be undefeated and never lose in his life, invincible, and so he foolishly decided to go full send into Russia. However this would be a hard battle, and so some of his allies left him, which ultimately led to his downfall. -
Napoleon exiled to Elba
Napoleon, after he loses the Battle of Nations and is forced to abdicate, is sent off to the island Elba, in the Atlantic ocean, where he would eventually escape from by boat and build up his army yet again. -
Congress of Vienna
Called one of the greatest international assemblies in history, the Congress of Viena lasted from September of 1814 to June of 1815. It was led by the four dominant powers in Europe, Britain, Prussia, Austria and Russia. They built a system and frame over the next 50 years to help prevent war in Europe. It ended in 1815 on June 1. -
The Hundred Days (War of Seventh Coalition)
He entered Paris with 1500 men on March 20, and seized the French throne back, starting the 100 days. All the European nations sent their armies to defeat him once and for all, ending his one hundred days in the Battle of Waterloo. -
Napoleon escapes Elba
Napoleon escaped his prison on Elba on the 20th of March, and used the guards boat to row himself to land. He gathered 1500 men and marched on Paris and seized the throne to start the 100 days. -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleons second attempt to expand Frances borders greatly, taking on the biggest powers in the world, but he was yet again taken down by shear numbers from the allies, and ended his 100 days of freedom. -
Napoleon Abdicates
Napoleon is offered peace under the terms that France has boundaries and some of the land it conquered is returned, to which Napoleon blatantly refuses. They all turned against him and he was beaten in a series of battles. fun fact: this also happens to be on my birthday. -
Hundred Days end
Coalition victory Second Treaty of Paris End of the Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon to the island of Saint Helena and ended Napoleons reign, for the good of the country and for the good of Europe and the world. His reign was spiraling way out of control and needed to be put a stop to. -
Napoleon exiled to St Helena
Napoleon was subsequently exiled to the island of Saint Helena off the coast of Africa. Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides. -
Napoleonic Wars End
Napoleonic wars are ended as Napoleon is exiled to St. Helen, and the monarchy is restored in France with the original ruling family back. The Second Treaty of Paris happens, and France returns the territories it conquered, as well as paying lots of money to the other countries for the war, which put France in a deep pit without money. -
Engels publish Communist Manifesto People's spring Revolutions
The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. It argues that class struggles, or the exploitation of one class by another, are the motivating force behind all historical developments. -
Crimean War begins
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. The immediate cause of the war involved the rights of Christian minorities in Palestine, which was part of the Ottoman Empire. This war ends March 30, 1856. -
Alexander II emancipates Russian serfs
The Manifesto prescribed that peasants would be able to buy the land from the landlords. Household serfs were the least affected: they gained only their freedom and no land. The serfs were emancipated in 1861, following a speech given by Tsar Alexander II on 30 March 1856. This looks good on paper, but did not do enough in the real life. -
Franco Prussian War
Franco-German War, also called Franco-Prussian War, was a war where a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. This war began on July 19 1870 and ended on May 10 1871. -
Berlin Conference for Africa
During this conference, they sought to discuss the partitioning of Africa, establishing rules to amicably divide resources among the Western countries at the expense of the African people. Of these fourteen nations at the Berlin Conference, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Portugal were the major players. It ended in February 26, 1885, a very long conference. -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand- Start of WWI
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are shot to death by a Bosnian Serb nationalist during an official visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. The killings sparked a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I by early August due to people taking sides behind Austria and Bosnia, getting to bigger and bigger countries, which is where alliances made beforehand key. -
Panama Canal opens to traffic
This is an American built (man-made) canal through Panama, hence the name, so that ships can get from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, mainly for trading, but for other boats as well. This was a huge success and game changer for many company's. -
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Russian Revolution of 1917, Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. The revolution officially ends June 16, 1923, and a new age starts, an age of communism. -
Armistice signed, end of WWI
Germany, left without manpower and supplies and faced with imminent invasion, signed an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside Compiegne, France. The First World War left 9 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, with Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, France and Great Britain each losing nearly a million or more lives, with USA not on that list. In addition, at least 5 million civilians died, the repercussions of wars. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies. This was not a smart idea, because it is what ended up causing World War 2, even deadlier than this one. -
Russian Revolution Ends
The White Army represented a large group of loosely allied forces, including monarchists, capitalists and supporters of democratic socialism. On July 16, 1918, the Romanovs were executed by the Bolsheviks. The Russian Civil War ended in 1923 with Lenin's Red Army claiming victory and establishing the Soviet Union. -
Stalin creates 5-year plan
In the Soviet Union the first Five-Year Plan (from 1928–32), implemented by Joseph Stalin, concentrated on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods. This meant that their economy would greatly improve, but civilians had to be worked harder, then they began to raise taxes, and it all went bad. They put the plan into motion on October 1st, 1928 -
Stock Market Crashes (Beginning of Great Depression)
Rapid and unexpected drop in stock prices. It was terrible for the economy and ruined America and its people. Underemployment went to an all time high with 47%, and many people had to move away and find odd jobs to even survive. it turned into a disease filled land because people couldn't find good food to survive on. -
World War 2 Starts
Deadliest war in the world's history, this war saw 50-80 million deaths, and was famous for Hitler, the leader of the Nazi's, who were the villains in this war, who were pure evil, wanting to simply kill the Jews. On one side was the Central powers, Italy, Japan and Germany, and on the other side was Great Britain, the USA, and the Soviet Union. Ended in 1945 -
Germany invades Poland-start of WWII
Germany invades Poland, initiating World War II in Europe. German forces broke through Polish defenses along the border and quickly advanced on Warsaw, the Polish capital. Hundreds of thousands of refugees, both Jewish and non-Jewish, fled the German advance hoping the Polish army could halt the German advance. This had all been building up for a while with Hitler getting in office and building up the military of Germany even though Germany was not supposed to be allowed to do that after WW1. -
Siege of Warsaw
The siege of Warsaw in 1939 was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army garrisoned and entrenched in Warsaw and the invading German Army. Volunteer fire-fighters watching an air duel over Warsaw. Propaganda poster reads "To Arms – United, we will defeat the enemy". This was the first war in World War 2 and is the war that kicked it all off with some bangs. -
Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain was the first major campaign to be fought entirely by air forces, and was also the largest and most sustained aerial bombing campaign to that date. Battle of Britain, during World War II, the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force (Luftwaffe) from July through September 1940, after the fall of France. -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor attack, surprise aerial attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii, by the Japanese that precipitated the entry of the United States into World War II. This was the USA's main naval base at the time, and had a stroke of luck, as all seven aircraft carrriers were out at sea and survived the attack. The strike climaxed a decade of worsening relations between the United States and Japan and ended up leading to USA joining the Allied forces. -
Battle of Midway
The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United States as a naval power and effectively turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific. Simply put it was the naval battler of WW2 and is where USA dominated. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin was fought between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in the German capital of Berlin. On April 16th, the Soviet forces pushed into Berlin from the east and south and quickly overran the German defenses in the north. The Battle of Berlin resulted in the surrender of the German army and the suicide of Adolf Hitler. It was a resounding victory for the Soviet Union and the Allies. However around 81,000 Soviet Union soldiers were killed and another 280,000 were wounded. -
Hiroshima bomb droped
Colonel Paul Tibbets, Jr., pilot of the Enola Gay, the plane that dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, set a historical event deep into the world's history that will never be forgotten. This was the first of the two that were dropped. President Truman asked for surrender before and after the first bomb, but was met with nothing. -
Second Atomic Bomb Dropped on Nagasaki
This was the second of the two bombs and the bomb that finally got Japan to surrender and to end the horrendous war that had taken so many lives. These atomic bombs were crucial to the victory of the allied powers and without them or without America being ahead in technological superiority, this war could've ended much differently. -
World War 2 Ends
On May 8, 1945, World War II in Europe came to an end. The news of Germany’s surrender reached the rest of the world and it brought joyous crowds out to celebrate in the streets, declaring victory in Europe (V-E Day). Later that year, US President Truman announced Japan’s surrender and the end of World War II. Celebrations erupted across the United States. Formal surrender documents were signed aboard the USS Missouri (9/2/1945), making the day as the official Victory over Japan Day (V-J Day). -
United Nations is founded
On this day in San Francisco California, the United Nations is formed, a band of large countries in this world all coming together to promote world peace and to deal with world problems together. It has helped solve many a problem. In total, 29 nations ratified this and joined. The United Nations was seen to be needed after World War 2 happened, which was a direct cause of world war 1. -
Biggest Bomb ever built
Known as Big Ivan to the Soviets and as Tsar Bomba in the US, RDS-220 was the largest nuclear weapon ever built. It was the largest nuclear weapon ever set off, and it produced the most powerful human made explosion ever recorded. This Soviet thermonuclear bomb was detonated in a test over Novaya Zemlya island in the Arctic Ocean. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962 when the Soviet Union began to install nuclear missiles in Cuba. The United States refused to allow this and, after thirteen tense days and many secret negotiations, the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles. If anything had happened to set off one side or the other in these tense days, it could have led to WW3, a nuclear war, which would have resulted in the ruin of the world as we know it. -
Fall of Berlin wall
It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. East German leaders had tried to calm mounting protests by loosening the borders, making travel easier for East Germans. -
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev's decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Russia came back as the name of the country and many of the land The Soviet had was returned to other countries.