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What was the first form of animation?
The first form of film-based animation was stop-motion animation, which was pioneered in 1906 with J. Stuart Blackton's "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces." However, if animation is considered to be the illusion of movement through still images, the first form of "animation" would be the phenakistoscope, which was a spinning disk with still drawings that, when spun rapidly and reflected in a mirror, would mimic movement. -
Who was the father of animation?
J. Stuart Blackton is the father of American animation. He was born on Jan. 5, 1875 in Yorkshire, Eng. Before he worked in animation, Blackton was known as "The Komikal Kartoonist." After viewing Thomas Edison's work, Blackton was inspired to bring his drawings to the screen. He also created the first animation company "Vitagraph," which was sold to Warner Brothers in 1926. -
When was animation first invented?
Animation as we know it today was first invented by the British filmmaker J. Stuart Blackton with his animated short "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces." The short featured a chalkboard on which every frame was drawn, as well as paper cutouts to simplify the process. -
Who invented cel animation?
Cel animation was invented by Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1915. Hurd worked under Bray as an animator and film director, producing the silent "Bobby Bumps" animated shorts for Bray Productions. -
When was computer animation first used?
The first computer-rendered animation was created in 1960 and was titled "Rendering of a Planned Highway." The 49-second video is a vector animation of a car travelling down a highway and was made at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology,. -
What are the 12 principals of animation? PART 2
Follow Through and Overlapping Action: Helps render movement more realistically. Follow through means that loosely tied parts of the body continue moving after the character has stopped. Overlapping action means that different body parts move at different rates
Slow in and Slow Out: Objects need time to accelerate and slow down
Arc: Natural actions follow an arc of trajectory
Secondary Action: Gives a scene/object more life. Swinging your arms while walking, for example, is a secondary action -
What are the 12 principals of animation? PART 1
The principals were introduced by Disney animators Ollie Johnson and Frank Thomas.
Squash and Stretch: Exaggerating objects to give a sense of weight and flexibility.
Anticipation: Used to prepare the audience for an action.
Staging: Directs the audience's attention to what's most important on screen.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose: SAA scenes are animated frame by frame from beginning to end, while PTP scenes are animated between key frames -
What are the 12 principals of animation? PART 3
Timing: Relates to the number of frames, which alters the speed of an action
Exaggeration: Staying true to reality while presenting it in a wilder form
Solid Drawing: Paying attention to 3D objects and giving them weight
Appeal: The viewer feels as if the character is real and interesting (Baby faces for likable characters, etc)
