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Ptolemy created the geocentric model of our solar system. It was important because it was used by many for hundreds of years. Most astronomers used his work to aid their own.
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he was the first one to measure the earth he through his discovery he was able to create longitude and latitude lines, which are important because we still use them today
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he discovered that we do not revolve around the earth but the planets revolve around the sun which is still used to this day
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he was creating a picture of the own universe he spent many years observing and trying to make new discoveries. He saw a supernova and was able to record it. HIs discoveries aided many scientists after him in their discoveries
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Kepler used Brahe's discoveries to aide his own. He discovered that the path the planets orbit was not a perfect circle, but an ellipse, this is still used to this day, and we study the orbits of planets based on this.
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Sir Isaac Newton was the first discover that the planets are all pulled toward the sun using gravity this was important because it led to many more discoveries using gravity, and how the earth and moon and planets all stay together.
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general relative theory this theory backed up many thing but the most important one is that space and time are intertwined, when space moves so does time. this lead to the explanation of how the universe formed and was created.
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