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A small Muslim army led by Tarik crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the battle of Guadalete.
Other Muslim armies had no resistance because the Visigoth Kingdom had economic crisis and internal disputes.
In 722, they controlled almost all of the Peninsula, but there was a mountainous strip of the north that wasn't conquered by the Muslims, so the Hispano-Visigoths took refuge. -
The goverments and borders changed because of the disputes between different groups.
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It lasted two days. -
After conquering Hispania, the Emirate of al-Andalus was stabilished by the Umayyad Caliph of Damascus, and the capital in Córdoba being ruled by an Emir.
In the mid-8th century, the Islamic Empire got controlled by the Abbasid dynasty from Baghdad. -
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The last member of the Umayyad clan, Abd al-Rahman proclaimed himself an independent emir under the name of ''Abd al Rahman I'' after he fled to al-Andalus. He also founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. The Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba had its own administrative and legal structure, and remained under Baghdad's religious authority.
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Emir Abd al-Rahman III named himself Caliph to strengthen his power and impose authority over the other rival al-Andalus clans. He also proclaimed independence from Baghdad's religious authority.
The Calphate of Córdoba was an economic, cultural and scientific golden age, Córdoba became Europe's most populated city.
Thanks to the Azeifas of Al-Mansur, the Caliphs suppressed internal rebelions and Christian advances. The Azeifas also forced the Christian kingdoms to pay Parias. -
Saracens used military raids (Azeifas) to make in the summer in the Christian territories. -
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Annual payment that was made in currency by a Muslim power to a Christian power. -
The Caliphate went into a crisis because of the high cost of the army and rivalry between the nobles and the military to escape the caliph's control.
In 1031, al-Andalus was divided into over 25 independent kingdoms, or taifas, by te Muslim aristocracy. Each Taifa had a major city, and this fragmentation led the Christian kingdoms in the north to Attack.
To prevent the conquest, the Almoravids (1086) and the Almohads (1147) arrived on the Peninsula and took control of most Taifas. -
North African Muslim people. The picture is about the Almoravid dynasty. (I couldnt find anything else). -
Another North African Muslim people. The picture is the Almohad Caliphate. (I couldn't find anything else either). -
The Christians defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Las Navas De Tolosa in 1212, and the Christians conquered virtually all taifa kingdoms. -
The kingdom of Granada was the last Muslim enclave, founded by the Nasrid dynasty in 1238.
Thanks to trade and agriculture, the Nasrid kingdom was prosperous for over two centuries. Granada became an important commercial and cultural hub. Unfortunately, the Nasrid Kings had to pay Castile heavy taxes.
In the late 15 century, Boadbil, the last Nasrid king, surrendered Granada in 1942 when the Catholic Kings decided to conquer the kingdom. Boadbil ended almost 800 years of Islamic rule on the I.P. -
The last Nasrid king. -
Boabdil surrendered Granada to the Catholic Kings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Granada#The_painting