Al-Andalus Iberian Peninsula By Luna Santos 507 Visigoth kingdom of Toledo 711 Battle of Guadalete Arrival of Muslims 722 Battle of Covadonga 756 The Independent Emirate of Cordoba 929 The Caliphate of Cordoba Period: 1031 to 1086 Taifas states 1212 The Battle of las Navas de Tolosa 1492 Conquest of Granada and discovery of America End of Middle Ages