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On the Fabric of the Human body is a textbook written by Andreas Vesalius on the human anatomy. This book is regarded as the first great modern work of science and the foundation of modern biology.
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On the Revolutions of Celestial Bodies was published just a few months before Copernicus' death. He finished the explanation of his heliocentric theory in this book, which consists of six sections.
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Viete was one of the first to use letters to represent unknown numbers, and in 1591 he invented analytical trigonometry using this algebraic method.
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Galileo's 24-page booklet called the Messenger of the Heavens describes his observations of the moon's surface, and of Jupiter's moons. He used a telescope to make his observations.
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Kepler's laws of planetary motion describe the form and operation of planetary orbits. He concluded that the planetary orbits were an ellipse, not a circle.
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Descartes discusses how motion could be represented as a curve along a graph, defined by its relation to planes of reference.
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Torricelli invented the barometer, an instrument to measure air pressure. This invention helped in the understanding of the properties of air, and the basic structure of the barometer remains the same today.
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Newton was an English mathematician, astronomer, physicist. His " Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" is probably the most important scientific book ever written. It set the groundwork for classical mechanics.
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Guericke invented the air pump, and did the first experiments with vacuums. With his new invention he demonstrated many properties of gases.
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Principia lays out Newton's comprehensive model of the universe. His work represents the integration of the works of all of the great astronomers who preceded Newton, and remains the basis of modern physics and astronomy.