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Eugenic Notions of Student Worth
Eugenic (the study of methods of improving the quality of the human race) ideology worked its way into educational reform movements. Eugenics idelogy is behind the first IQ tets. These IQ tests were used to track students and ultimately promoted the idea that educational standards could be measured through single numbered scores. The trend of measuring the intellectual worth of students through testing started and led to the development of high stakes testing. -
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Public Education Reforms
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) dramatically increased federal support for K-12 education. Title I of the act is titled Financial Assistance to Local Agencies for the Education of Children from Low Income Families.
This act officially required standardized testing in all schools. -
A Nation at Risk
The imperative for educational reform published in 1983. It made a point that the American economy was declining due to inadequate American schools. The result of this publication was more testing, more frequent testing, more kinds of tests in more different fields, and more attention to test results. -
Goals 2000
"Educate America Act" It was signed law by President Bill Clinton. A list of goals that were to be accomplished by the year 2000. Goals 2000 was based on outcomes-based education which was the idea that students will reach higher levels of acheivement when more is expected from them. It set a series of goals for the standard-based education reform. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The No Child Left Behind Act, after much deliberation, was signed by Presdient George W. Bush in 2002. It reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB is largely responsible for tieing public school funding to standardized testing and scoring.