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Konrad Zuse built the first working program-controlled computers.
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Artificial Intelligence
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"cybernetics"
Arturo Rosenblueth, Norbert Wiener and Julian Bigelow coin the term "cybernetics". Wiener's popular book by that name published in 1948 -
"A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity"
Warren Sturgis McCulloch and Walter Pitts publish "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" (1943), laying foundations for artificial neural networks. -
Three laws of Robotics
The Three Laws of Robotics, often shortened to The Three Laws or Three Laws, are a set of three rules written by science fiction author Isaac Asimov and later expanded upon. -
Turing Test
Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test as a measure of machine intelligence. -
Game Playing
Arthur Samuel (IBM) wrote the first game-playing program[28], for checkers (draughts), to achieve sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateur. His first checkers-playing program was written in 1952, and in 1955 he created a version that learned to play.[29] -
Artificial Intelligence
The name artificial intelligence is used for the first time as the topic of the second Dartmouth Conference, organized by John McCarthy -
AI
The first demonstration of the Logic Theorist (LT) written by Allen Newell, J.C. Shaw and Herbert Simon (Carnegie Institute of Technology, now Carnegie Mellon University). This is often called the first AI program, though Samuel's checkers program also has a strong claim. -
Lisp Programing
John McCarthy (Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT) invented the Lisp programming language. -
MIT AI Lab
John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky founded the MIT AI Lab. -
Math Theory of AI
Ray Solomonoff lays the foundations of a mathematical theory of AI, introducing universal Bayesian methods for inductive inference and prediction. -
Unimation
First industrial robot company, Unimation, founded. -
ANALOGY
Thomas Evans' program, ANALOGY, written as part of his PhD work at MIT, demonstrated that computers can solve the same analogy problems as are given on IQ tests -
Understnading
Danny Bobrow's dissertation at MIT (technical report #1 from MIT's AI group, Project MAC), shows that computers can understand natural language well enough to solve algebra word problems correctly. -
ELIZA
Joseph Weizenbaum (MIT) built ELIZA, an interactive program that carries on a dialogue in English language on any topic. It was a popular toy at AI centers on the ARPANET when a version that "simulated" the dialogue of a psychotherapist was programmed. -
Reasoning
Dendral program (Edward Feigenbaum, Joshua Lederberg, Bruce Buchanan, Georgia Sutherland at Stanford University) demonstrated to interpret mass spectra on organic chemical compounds. First successful knowledge-based program for scientific reasoning. -
MacHack
Richard Greenblatt (programmer) at MIT built a knowledge-based chess-playing program, MacHack, that was good enough to achieve a class-C rating in tournament play. -
Conference on AI
First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) held at Stanford.
