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Cochinchina
- French control from 1862.
- Direct rule from France through Frence governer.
- Considered part of France so Vietnamese here could have French citzenship and representation in the French National assembly.
- Saigon - known as 'The Paris Of The Orient.'
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Period: to
France takes over Indochina
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Cambodia
- French control from 1863.
- Emperor continued day-to-day rule.
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Annam
- French control from 1884.
- Indirect French rule through Vietnamese Emperor.
- France had to approve all decisions.
- Not considered part of France, so no French citizenship for Vietnamese.
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Tonkin
- French control from 1884.
- Indirrect French rule through Vietnamese Emperor.
- France had to approve all decisions.
- Not considered part of France, so no French citizenship for Vietnamese.
- Hanoi - an important centre of administration.
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Laos
- French control from 1893.
- Emperor continued day-to-day rule.