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Lincoln sets forth 10 percent Reconstruction plan
This plan required all occupied states with atleast ten percent of the voting population under oath of allegiance to the Union to set up a loyal government.
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Wade-Davis Bill passes Congress but is pocket-vetoed by Lincoln
Lincoln pocket-vetoed this bill, which required 50 percent of voters to take an oath of loyalty, because he said he did not want to commit to any single Reconstruction plan.
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Johnson moves to reconstruct the South on his initiative
Johnson decided to use Lincoln's emancipation policy to take power away from the planter class and punish all southern "traitors."
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Congess refuses to seat representatives and senators elected from states reestablished under presidential plan (December)
Congress did not like Lincoln's idea of a 10 percent plan. This action was in retaliation towards that plan and a way of punishing the South as well.
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Johnson vetoes Freedmen's Bureau Bill (February)
Johnson's goal of this veto was to rid of his small minority of Republican followers and gain a vast majority of Democrats.
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Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act; it passes over his veto (April)
The Civil Rights Act was a similar version of the Freedmen's Bureau bill and implied that Johnson not only lost his Republican supporters, but was now against their party and their congressmen as well.
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Congress passes Fourteenth Amendment (June)
This Amendment guaranteed equal rights to all Americans under law. It was supported by the Republican majority.
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Republicans increase their congressional majority in the fall elections
The majority increased to two thirds of both houses due to the crude behavior of president Johnson, in which northern voters were appauled by.
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First Reconstruction Act is passed over Johnson's veto (March)
The act was supposed to reorganize the South and create a compromise among Radicals and other elements of the party. It did enable military power in the South, but lasted only a short time.
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Johnson is impeached; he avoids conviction by one vote (February-May)
Johnson's main goal of presidency was to gain power for himself. In order to do so, he vetoed bills which held plans of Reconstruction he disapproved of, and tried to lessen the power of the entire Congress.
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Southern blacks vote and serve in constitutional conventions
Nothern supporters of freed slaves tried everything they could in order to give blacks economic relief. The Northern military leader, General Sherman issued an order in which land was set aside in the South for freed blacks only.
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Grant wins presidential election, defeating Horatio Seymour
Ulysses S. Grant was elected after the impeachment of Johnson and was faced with difficult challenges right away such as the money question, which dealt with greenbacks.
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Congress passes Fifteenth Amendment, granting African Americans the right to vote
This Amendment enabled any male citizen the right to vote no matter the race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
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Congress passes Ku Klux Klan Acts to protect black voting rights in the South
These acts made interference with voting rights a crime and also made changes in the government supervision of elections.
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Grant re-elected president, defeating Horace Greeley, candidate of Liberal Republicans and Democrats
Greeley was defeated because of his poor campaigne skills and lousy inspiration to the people. Republicans stuck with Grant whom they were familiar with, considering he had already been president.
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Financial panic plunges nation into depression
This turmoil caused the revival of agitation to inflate the currency. It also caused many southern state governments to be on the verge of bankruptcy and railroad building was ended.
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Congress passes Specie Resumption Act
This act provided a limited reduction of greenbacks leading to a full resumption of specie payments.
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"Whiskey Ring" scandal exposed
The scandal began with government officials attempting to defraud the government of excise taxes.
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Disputed presidential election resolved in favor of Republican Hayes over Democrat Tilden
An agreement between Republicans and southern Democrats won the election for Hayes. This negotiation among the parties was later known and planned out to be the Compromise of 1877.
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Compromise of 1877 ends military intervention in the South and causes fall of the last Radical governments
Under the compromise, the north and south agreed that southerners would receive the intent to withdrawal federal troops from the South in return for votes towards the election of Hayes.
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