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The Supreme Court of the United States orders that all public schools be integrated with deliberate speed.
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Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat.
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower is inaugurated for his second term in office.
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U.S. Congress approves the first civil rights bill since reconstruction with additional protection of voting rights.
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Alaska is admitted to the United States as the 49th state to be followed on August 21 by Hawaii.
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Tiros I, the first weather satellite, is launched by the United States.
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The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba is repulsed by Cuban forces in an attempt by Cuban exiles under the direction of the United States government to overthrow the regime of Fidel Castro.
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The construction of the Berlin Wall begin
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The Alcatraz Penitentiary is closed
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President Lyndon B. Johnson wins his first presidential election
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Thurgood Marshall is sworn into office as the first black Supreme Court Justice.
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The Watergate crisis begins
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The Watergate cover up trials of Mitchell, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman are completed; all are found guilty of the charges.