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1930 to 1965
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Starting back in the 30's the Arms Race was a fight for power and control amount the top nations. One example is the way that the Japanese navy was always one step ahead of the American naval ships. This Arms Race was also the main reason behind the Cold War. The US was in constant competition with the Soviet Union to keep up with each others' weaponry and their production of nuclear bombs. Finally, in the mid 1960's the US decided to step away.
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January 30, 1942 to 1946
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July 10, 1940 to Oct 31, 1940
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1942 to1943
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1945 to 1955
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uly 10, 1943, to May 2, 1945
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1948 to 1951- The plan was for a European Recovery Program. It provided funds of over 13 billion dollars to countries in Europe for recovery costs.
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1940 to 1945
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Took artists, educators, Gypsies, communists, homosexuals, the mentally and physically handicapped and others deemed unfit for survival in Nazi Germany and sent them away to concentration camps. Auschwitz, the largest of the camps, opened in 1940. It was a former military base transformed for Hitler's "Final Solution". The prisoners were forced to work, if deemed fit to, while the rest were sent to the "showers" and then cremated. This lasted until 1945 when the Soviet's came in.
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White Rose was started by Hans Scholl, Sophie Scholl, Christoph Probst, Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf and a few other students at the University of Munich. It was created to oppose the Nazis. The group created leaflets which exposed Nazi crimes and preached of resistance. Ultimately they were caught and beheaded.
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Rosie the Riveter originally premiered as a song in 1942 about the women in the workforce. Then in 1943, Norman Rockwell was commissioned to create a drawing of “Rosie the Riveter” for the Saturday Evening Post. It included a women in front of an American flag with her foot atop “Mein Kampf”. This gained popularity and was used for a symbol of women rights. Although very popular the Rockwell design was copyrighted, so now the more well known design is J. Howard Miller’s “We Can Do It” Rosie.
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uly 10, 1943, to May 2, 1945
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The Red Scare took place during the Cold War. The US was paranoid about the Soviet Union and the “Reds”, communists that pledged allegiance to the Soviet Union. Truman even enacted Executive Order 9835 (loyalty order). It called for all federal employees to be analyzed so they could determine whether they were sufficiently loyal to the government. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was a key figure in the anti-communist movement. He barred radical musicians, intellectuals, actors, and artists from jobs.
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For the Nuremberg trials a total of 13 trials were done to bring justice to the Nazi leaders. They had been tried for crimes against humanity and genocide. At the first trial, alone, twenty four were charged while a few committed suicide (about 5) before they even went to court. The Nuremberg Trials were also the world's first established international court system.
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The Iron Curtain speech was given by Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great Britain during WW II. In his speech he spoke negatively about the Soviet Union and the spread of Communism. He talked about how Europe and the newly liberated countries were stuck again. They believed Russia was bent on expansion and so they said there would be an “Iron Curtain” straight through Eastern Europe keeping the rest of Europe safe from Communists.
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It was President Truman’s official declaration of “War”, the Cold War, on the Soviet Union. He told Congress his outline for the Cold War foreign policy communism was an attack on our nation, the Soviet Union was the face of Communism, and that the US needed to increase their militia and economy to fight /protect ourselves from Communism.
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Proposed June 5, 1947. Was in effect 1948-1951
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The Berlin Airlift lasted a little over a year. It was the American Allies (America, Great Britain, and France) against the Soviet Union and they were fighting over who would claim Germany's Berlin. In June the Russians decided to close streets and other forms of travel in hopes that the American Allies would be forced to leave. They didn't leave. Instead they got food and resources supplied by air transportation. Over 2.3 million tons were brought in.
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1949 to the Present
