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- Novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
- An abolitionist novel written to show the brutality of slavery
- Faced many criticisms, increased the anti-slavery movement in the North
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- Established by many groups of people forming together due to the shared belief in anti-slavery
- Motivated by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
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- Passed by Stephan Douglas
- Repealed the Missouri Compromise
- Organized Kansas and Nebraska as territories
- Allowed citizens to vote on whether or not slavery should be banned or not
- Allowed popular sovereignty
- Motivated Bleeding Kansas
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- Violent acts between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery sides
- Happened within the Kansas territory
- Eventually led to Kansas's admission as a free state
- Motivated the formation of the Republican Party and divided the nation even more
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- Charles Sumner was giving a two-day speech about the events of Bloody Kansas
- After the speech, while Sumner was working, Preston Brooks entered the Senate chamber and confronted Sumner about his statements, and then proceeded to hit him in the head with a metal cane
- This split the nation; the North was on Sumner's side, whereas the South was on Brooks's side
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- Election between James Buchanan and John C. Fremont
- Democratic win for James Buchanan
- Main conflicts that were addressed within the election were slavery and Westward expansion
- The collapse of the Whig party happened during this election due to the second party system being ended
- Though Buchanan addressed slavery, he was not able to solve it
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- A constitution that was pro-slavery, written for Kansas
- Was rejected by the citizens of Kansas due to their strong views on anti-slavery
- Passed in the Senate but denied in the House
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- Dred Scott was an African American man who was enslaved
- Due to living in Illinois, which is one of the states where the Missouri Compromise banned slavery, he went to the Supreme Court to seek freedom from his enslavement
- The Supreme Court did not rule in Scott's favor, since it was believed that slaves were property, and the court did not want to remove citizens' rights to their property
- Deemed the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
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- An address given by Abraham Lincoln while he was running for a seat in the Senate
- Argued against the Dred Scott decision, believed that if the United States was trying to be a free country that it would be too late due to decisions like that
- Believed the United States was a divided house due to slavery
- Wanted the United States to decide on either being fully free from slavery or not, they could not have both
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- A series of political debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephan A. Douglas
- Competing for the Senate seat in Illinois
- Debates were held in many towns across Illinois, totaling seven debates between the two
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- The Harper's Ferry Raid was led by John Brown
- Started as a slave rebellion, Brown led his followers to attack a federal armory
- Brown and his group would hold people hostage and would cut off the telegraph lines, so help could not be contacted
- Eventually ended on October 18th, and many U.S. Marines entered the armory and captured Brown
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- Was an American abolitionist
- Led the attack on Harper's Ferry
- Led many violent acts against slavery
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- After the raid on Harper's Ferry, Brown was captured by the U.S. Marines
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- As a result of his violent action, Brown was publicly hung for treason against Virginia
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- Election between Abraham Lincoln, Stephan Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell
- Ended in Lincoln winning
- Showed a clear division between the North and South due to slavery
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- After Lincoln's win in the election, secession had started within the United States
- South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union
- Southern states feared Lincoln's presidency since his views did not align with theirs
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- Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union
- Declared the secession illegal
- Reassured the Southern states that he would not interfere with slavery