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Feb 19, 1473
Nicholas Copernicus
Copernicus said the Sun is the center of the solar system and the planets revolve around it.
http://www.biography.com/people/nicolas-copernicus-9256984 -
Period: Feb 19, 1473 to
Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, and Industrial Revolution
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Dec 31, 1514
Andreas Vesalius
He was a scientist that found that the "human breastbone" had three segments instead of five and that the Fibula and Tibia is larger than the Humerus.
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_02 -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
Invented the "scientific method" and was the first to use a "refracting telescope."
http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/galileo.html -
Feb 6, 1571
Johannes Kepler
He explained the planets motion and how long a year is. He also explained how the tides are affected by the Moon.
http://www.johanneskepler.com/ -
Rene Descartes
Descartes was a mathematician that published the book of "geometry."
http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Descartes/RouseBall/RB_Descartes.html -
John Locke
John Locke was a british philosopher during the Enlightenment. He wrote "A Letter Concerning Toleration" and many other important books. -
Issac Newton
Invented the reflecting telescope in 1688. Newton thought the solar system worked like a machine and it all came up to 3 laws.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blnewton.htm -
The First Newspaper
The first newpaper was created in London. E. Mallet published it. The newpaper was called The Daily Courant. It was created so people could get news around the world and they were smarter because they had to read to understand it.
http://newsflavor.com/world/the-first-newspapers-in-england/ -
Montesquieu
He published "The Spirit of the Laws." When studying government he used the scientific method. He identified three government; republic, despotism, and monarchy. He came up with executive, legislative, and judicial branch of government. He also came up with checks and balance system.
pg. 520 -
Diderot
Diderot was a freelance writer and study many languages and subjects. He was the person that invented the Encyclopedia. His invention became well used.
pg. 521 -
Rousseau
He stated that people try adopted laws to preserve private property. In his famous writing "The Social Contract" he present social contract. In his writing "Emile" he said that education should foster and not restrict children.
pg. 522 -
Voltaire
Voltaire wrote many novels, pamphlets, plays, letters. essay and histories. He criticized Christianity and believed in religion toleration. Voltaire championed deism through his life. The world was a clock to Voltaire.
pg 520-521 -
Beccaria
He wanted to find a new approach to justice. In "On Crimes and Punishments" he said that the punishments were too harsh and was against capital punishment.
pg. 522 -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith wrote "The Wealth of Nations." Also Adam was the profounder of economics. He published in 1752 "The Theory of Moral."
http://ww.lucidcafe.com/library/96jun/smith.html -
Inventions
There many inventions during the 1800's. Iron, steel, chemical, electricity and petroleum were all invented. The steam engine was also created.
pg. 615-616 -
Karl Marx Communism
Karl Marx cam up with the word communism. Communism is when the whole country is equal and works as a whole. This had a huge impact during the industrialization because the people that were rich wanted to make money and be rich and the workers worked hard and long hours and it wasn't fair for the workers.
pg. 618-619 -
Trade Union
In trade unions a thing was created called a strike. A strike was a work stoppage. Workers formed trade unions so they could use strikes. In the 1900's the population of workers increased by two million.
pg. 619 -
World Economy
The economy was helped a lot by the creation of transportation and the second industrialization. Europeans were receiving all types of material from different countries. Europe dominated the world economy.
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0378-5920
